Gamma Persei

Binary star system in the constellation Perseus

γ Persei
Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0
Location of γ Persei (circled)
Constellation	Perseus
Right ascension	03^h 04^m 47.82011^s^[1]
Declination	+53° 30′ 23.2626″^[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)	2.93^[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type	G8III + A2V^[3]
U−B color index	+0.45^[2]
B−V color index	+0.70^[2]
Variable type	EA^[4]
Astrometry

Radial velocity (R_v)	+2.5^[5] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −14.194 mas/yr^[1] Dec.: −8.684 mas/yr^[1]
Parallax (π)	14.1252 ± 0.7684 mas^[1]
Distance	229+15 −13 ly (70.3+4.5 −4 pc)^[6]
Absolute magnitude (M_V)	–1.50^[7] (–1.23/0.01)^[8]

Orbit^[8]
Period (P)	14.6 yr
Semi-major axis (a)	0.144″
Eccentricity (e)	0.785
Inclination (i)	90.9°
Longitude of the node (Ω)	244.1°
Periastron epoch (T)	1991.08 Besselian
Argument of periastron (ω) (secondary)	170.0°
Details
γ Per A
Mass	2.7^[8] `M`_☉
Radius	29.4^[9] `R`_☉
Surface gravity (log g)	2.83^[10] cgs
Temperature	5,170^[10] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	–0.19^[10] dex
Rotation	5,350 days^[7]
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	50.0^[7] km/s
γ Per B
Mass	1.65^[8] `M`_☉
Temperature	7,895^[8] K
Other designations
γ Persei, γ Per, Gamma Per, 23 Persei, BD+52 654, CCDM J03048+5331AP, FK5 108, GC 3664, HD 18925, HIP 14328, HR 915, IDS 02576+5307 AP, PPM 28201, SAO 23789, WDS J03048+5330Aa,Ab.
Database references
SIMBAD	data

Gamma Persei (Gamma Per, γ Persei, γ Per) is a binary star system in the constellation Perseus. The combined apparent visual magnitude of the pair is +2.9,^[2] making it the fourth-brightest member of the constellation. The distance to this system is of roughly 229 light-years (70 parsecs) with a 6% margin of error.^[6] About 4° to the north of Gamma Persei is the radiance point for the annual Perseid meteor shower.^[11]

This is a wide eclipsing binary system with an orbital period of 5,329.8 days (14.6 years).^[12] This eclipse was first observed in 1990 and lasted for two weeks.^[13] During an eclipse, the primary passes in front of the secondary, causing the magnitude of the system to decrease by 0.55.^[14] The primary component of this system is a giant star with a stellar classification of G9 III.^[15] It has a projected rotational velocity of 50.0 km s⁻¹ and a lengthy estimated rotation period of 14.6 years.^[7] The classification of the secondary remains tentative, with assignments of A3 V^[8] and A2(III).^[15] The primary has an angular diameter of 3.894±0.018 mas,^[16] translating to 29.4 at the estimated distance.^[9]

Mass estimates for the two stars remain disparate. Using speckle interferometry, McAlister (1982) obtained mass estimates of 4.73 M_☉ for the primary and 2.75 M_☉ for the secondary, where M_☉ is the mass of the Sun. He noted that the mass estimate was too high for the given classification of the primary.^[17] Martin and Mignard (1998) determined masses for both components based on data from the Hipparcos mission: 5.036 ± 0.951 M_☉ for the primary and 2.295 ± 0.453 M_☉ for the secondary. They admit that the high inclination of the orbit resulted in a large margin of error.^[18] Prieto and Lambert (1999) came up with a mass estimate of 3.81 M_☉ for the primary,^[19] while Pizzolato and Maggio (2000) obtained 4.34 M_☉.^[7] Ling et al. (2001) obtained estimates of 2.7 M_☉ for the primary and 1.65 M_☉ for the secondary,^[8] while Kaler (2001) obtained 2.5 and 1.9, respectively.^[13]

Name and etymology

This star, together with δ Per, ψ Per, σ Per, α Per and η Per, has been called the Segment of Perseus.^[20]
In Chinese, 天船 (Tiān Chuán), meaning Celestial Boat, refers to an asterism consisting of γ Persei, η Persei, α Persei, ψ Persei, δ Persei, 48 Persei, μ Persei and HD 27084. Consequently, the Chinese name for γ Persei itself is 天船二 (Tiān Chuán èr, English: the Second Star of Celestial Boat.)^[21]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Johnson, H. L.; et al. (1966), "UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars", Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 4 (99): 99, Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J
^ Malkov, O. Yu.; Tamazian, V. S.; Docobo, J. A.; Chulkov, D. A. (2012). "Dynamical masses of a selected sample of orbital binaries". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 546: A69. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A..69M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219774.
^ Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
^ Wilson, Ralph Elmer (1953), "General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities", Washington, Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W
^ ^a ^b Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Fouesneau, M.; Demleitner, M.; Andrae, R. (2021). "Estimating Distances from Parallaxes. V. Geometric and Photogeometric Distances to 1.47 Billion Stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (3): 147. arXiv:2012.05220. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..147B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd806. S2CID 228063812. Data about this star can be seen here.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Pizzolato, N.; Maggio, A.; Sciortino, S. (September 2000), "Evolution of X-ray activity of 1-3 Msun late-type stars in early post-main-sequence phases", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 361: 614–628, Bibcode:2000A&A...361..614P
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Ling, J. F.; Magdalena, P.; Prieto, C. (October 2001), "Perturbations by Mass Loss in the Orbital Elements of γ Persei and α Centauri", Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, 37: 179–186, Bibcode:2001RMxAA..37..179L
^ ^a ^b Lang, Kenneth R. (2006), Astrophysical formulae, Astronomy and astrophysics library, vol. 1 (3 ed.), Birkhäuser, ISBN 978-3-540-29692-8. The radius (R_*) is given by:
${\begin{aligned}2\cdot R_{*}&={\frac {(70.269\cdot 3.894\cdot 10^{-3})\ {\text{UA}}}{0.0046491\ {\text{UA}}/R_{\bigodot }}}\\&\approx 58.86\cdot R_{\bigodot }\end{aligned}}$
^ ^a ^b ^c McWilliam, Andrew (December 1990), "High-resolution spectroscopic survey of 671 GK giants", Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 74: 1075–1128, Bibcode:1990ApJS...74.1075M, doi:10.1086/191527
^ Burnham, Robert (1978), Burnham's celestial handbook: an observer's guide to the universe beyond the solar system, Dover books explaining science, vol. 3 (2nd ed.), Courier Dover Publications, p. 420, ISBN 0486236730
^ Pourbaix, D.; Boffin, H. M. J. (February 2003), "Reprocessing the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data of spectroscopic binaries. II. Systems with a giant component", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 398 (3): 1163–1177, arXiv:astro-ph/0211483, Bibcode:2003A&A...398.1163P, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021736, S2CID 12361870
^ ^a ^b Kaler, James B. (January 5, 2001), "GAMMA PER (Gamma Persei)", Stars, University of Illinois, retrieved 2012-02-25
^ Malkov, O. Yu.; et al. (February 2006), "A catalogue of eclipsing variables", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 446 (2): 785–789, Bibcode:2006A&A...446..785M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053137, hdl:10995/73280
^ ^a ^b Ginestet, N.; Carquillat, J. M. (December 2002), "Spectral Classification of the Hot Components of a Large Sample of Stars with Composite Spectra, and Implication for the Absolute Magnitudes of the Cool Supergiant Components", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 143 (2): 513–537, Bibcode:2002ApJS..143..513G, doi:10.1086/342942
^ Baines, Ellyn K.; Clark, James H., III; Schmitt, Henrique R.; Stone, Jordan M.; von Braun, Kaspar (2023-12-01). "33 New Stellar Angular Diameters from the NPOI, and Nearly 180 NPOI Diameters as an Ensemble". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (6): 268. Bibcode:2023AJ....166..268B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad08be. ISSN 0004-6256.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ McAlister, H. A. (March 1982), "Masses and luminosities for the giant spectroscopic/speckle interferometric binaries gamma Persei and phi Cygni", Astronomical Journal, 87: 563–569, Bibcode:1982AJ.....87..563M, doi:10.1086/113130
^ Martin, C.; Mignard, F. (February 1998), "Mass determination of astrometric binaries with Hipparcos. II. Selection of candidates and results", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 330: 585–599, Bibcode:1998A&A...330..585M
^ Allende Prieto, C.; Lambert, D. L. (1999), "Fundamental parameters of nearby stars from the comparison with evolutionary calculations: masses, radii and effective temperatures", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 352: 555–562, arXiv:0809.0359, Bibcode:1999A&A...352..555A, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811242, S2CID 14531031
^ Allen, R. H. (1963). Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (Reprint ed.). New York: Dover Publications Inc. p. 331. ISBN 0-486-21079-0. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
^ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 11 日 Archived 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine

Constellation of Perseus

Stars

Bayer	α (Mirfak) β (Algol) γ δ ε ζ η (Miram) θ ι κ (Misam) λ μ ν ξ (Menkib) ο (Atik) π (Gorgonea Secunda) ρ (Gorgonea Tertia) σ τ φ ψ ω (Gorgonea Quarta) b
Flamsteed	1 2 3 4 (g) 5 7 8 9 (i) 10 11 12 14 16 17 20 21 24 29 30 31 32 (l) 34 36 40 (o) 42 (n) 43 (A) 48 (c) 49 50 52 (f) 53 (d) 54 55 56 57 (m) 58 (e) 59 1 Aur
Variable	S T U V X Z RS RT RV RW RY ST SU SV TZ UV UX UY VX XX XY XZ YZ AB AG AR AS AW AX BM DM DY FO GK IK IP IQ IU IW IX IZ KP KS KT KW LX V351 V356 V357 V361 V376 V380 V386 V392 V396 V400 V423 V432 V440 V459 V461 V471 V472 V473 V480 V490 V492 V505 V509 V518 V520 (61 And) V521 V545 V551 V572 V573 V575 V576 V621 V718 V1024
HR	470 526 529 538 540 621 641 787 792 810 820 831 842 846 849 864 865 876 885 886 890 894 918 (k) 920 923 930 949 950 956 964 966 969 973 975 979 986 991 1001 1019 1034 1037 1041 1047 1051 1056 1059 1074 1097 1113 1127 1130 1133 1141 1160 1164 1176 1191 1197 1198 1207 1215 1226 1234 1286 1301 1330 1333 1337 1344 1371 1390 1419 1424 1482 1489 1493 1500 1514
HD	13519 14433 14434 16691 16760 17092 17245 17605 21684 22781 23301 23596 25329 26702 29587
Other	BD+31 643 BD+48 740 G 38-29 G 95-57 GD 61 HAT-P-15 (Berehynia) HAT-P-29 (Muspelheim) IRAS 04296+3429 L1448-IRS2E LkHα 101 LRLL 54361 NGC 1333 13 NGC 1333 IRAS 2A NGC 1333 IRAS 4A NGC 1333 IRAS 4B NGC 1624-2 PSR B0355+54 PSR J0357+3205 WR 4

Exoplanets	WASP-11b/HAT-P-10b

Star
clusters

NGC	869 (h) 884 (χ) 957 1039 1220 1285 1342 1444 1513 1528 1545 1624
Other	Alpha Persei Cluster IC 348 Trumpler 2

Nebulae

NGC	650 (Little Dumbbell Nebula) 1333 1491 1499 (California Nebula) 1579
Other	Barnard 203 Wreath Nebula

Galaxies

NGC	1003 1023 1058 1077 1160 1161 1167 1169 1250 1259 1260 1264 1265 1267 1268 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1277 1278 1279 1281 1282 1283 1293 1294 1334
Other	IC 310 UGC 2885 (Godzilla galaxy) 4C +37.11