Gracilibacteria
Gracilibacteria | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Bacteria |
(unranked): | CPR group |
Phylum: | "Gracilibacteria" Rinke et al. 2013 |
Genus: | "Ca. Altimarinus" |
Type species | |
"Ca. A. pacificus" Rinke et al. 2013 |
Gracilibacteria is a bacterial candidate phylum formerly known as GN02, BD1-5, or SN-2. It is part of the Candidate Phyla Radiation and the Patescibacteria group.
The first representative of the Gracilibacteria phylum was reported in 1999 after being recovered from a deep-sea sediment sample. The representative 16S rRNA sequence was referred to as "BD1-5" (sample BD1, sequence 5) and while it was noted that it displayed low sequence identity to any known 16S rRNA gene, it was not proposed as a new phylum at this time.[1] In 2006, representatives of Gracilibacteria were recovered from a hypersaline microbial mat from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico and proposed as a new phylum "GN02".[2] The BD1-5/GN02 phylum was renamed "Gracilibacteria" in 2013.[3][4]
The first Gracilibacteria genome was recovered from an acetate-amended aquifer (Rifle, CO, USA) using culture-independent, genome-resolved metagenomic techniques in 2012.[5] Genomic analyses suggest that members of the Gracilibacteria phylum have limited metabolisms and are likely symbionts or endosymbionts.[3] Members of Gracilibacteria use an alternative genetic code in which UGA encodes the glycine amino acid instead of a stop codon[6]
References
- ^ Li, Lina; Kato, Chiaki; Horikoshi, Koki (1999-05-01). "Bacterial diversity in deep-sea sediments from different depths". Biodiversity & Conservation. 8 (5): 659–677. doi:10.1023/A:1008848203739. ISSN 1572-9710. S2CID 25820840.
- ^ Ley, Ruth E.; Harris, J. Kirk; Wilcox, Joshua; Spear, John R.; Miller, Scott R.; Bebout, Brad M.; Maresca, Julia A.; Bryant, Donald A.; Sogin, Mitchell L.; Pace, Norman R. (2006-05-01). "Unexpected Diversity and Complexity of the Guerrero Negro Hypersaline Microbial Mat". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72 (5): 3685–3695. Bibcode:2006ApEnM..72.3685L. doi:10.1128/AEM.72.5.3685-3695.2006. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 1472358. PMID 16672518.
- ^ a b Sieber, Christian M. K.; Paul, Blair G.; Castelle, Cindy J.; Hu, Ping; Tringe, Susannah G.; Valentine, David L.; Andersen, Gary L.; Banfield, Jillian F. (2019-11-12). "Unusual Metabolism and Hypervariation in the Genome of a Gracilibacterium (BD1-5) from an Oil-Degrading Community". mBio. 10 (6). doi:10.1128/mbio.02128-19. ISSN 2150-7511. PMC 6851277. PMID 31719174.
- ^ Rinke, Christian; Schwientek, Patrick; Sczyrba, Alexander; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Anderson, Iain J.; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Darling, Aaron; Malfatti, Stephanie; Swan, Brandon K.; Gies, Esther A.; Dodsworth, Jeremy A. (July 2013). "Insights into the phylogeny and coding potential of microbial dark matter". Nature. 499 (7459): 431–437. Bibcode:2013Natur.499..431R. doi:10.1038/nature12352. hdl:10453/27467. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 23851394.
- ^ Wrighton, K. C.; Thomas, B. C.; Sharon, I.; Miller, C. S.; Castelle, C. J.; VerBerkmoes, N. C.; Wilkins, M. J.; Hettich, R. L.; Lipton, M. S.; Williams, K. H.; Long, P. E. (2012-09-27). "Fermentation, Hydrogen, and Sulfur Metabolism in Multiple Uncultivated Bacterial Phyla". Science. 337 (6102): 1661–1665. Bibcode:2012Sci...337.1661W. doi:10.1126/science.1224041. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 23019650. S2CID 10362580.
- ^ Hanke, Anna; Hamann, Emmo; Sharma, Ritin; Geelhoed, Jeanine S.; Hargesheimer, Theresa; Kraft, Beate; Meyer, Volker; Lenk, Sabine; Osmers, Harald; Wu, Rong; Makinwa, Kofi (2014-05-16). "Recoding of the stop codon UGA to glycine by a BD1-5/SN-2 bacterium and niche partitioning between Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria in a tidal sediment microbial community naturally selected in a laboratory chemostat". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 231. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00231. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 4032931. PMID 24904545.
- v
- t
- e
- Domain
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukaryota
- (major groups
- Excavata
- Diaphoretickes
- Hacrobia
- Rhizaria
- Alveolata
- Stramenopiles
- Plants
- Amorphea
- Amoebozoa
- Opisthokonta
- Animals
- Fungi)
BV1, BV3, BV5
others |
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Cyanoprokaryota |
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Firmicutes BV3 Low GC |
|
- "Elulota"
- "Elulimicrobia"
- "Patescibacteria"
- ABY1
- "Absconditabacteria"
- "Andersenbacteria"
- "Berkelbacteria"
- "Dojkabacteria"
- "Doudnabacteria"
- "Gracilibacteria"
- "Howlettbacteria"
- "Katanobacteria"
- "Kazanbacteria"
- "Microgenomatia"
- "Paceibacteria"
- "Saccharimonadia"
- "Torokbacteria"
- "Wirthbacteria"
Synergistetes |
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Thermocalda |
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- Fusobacteriota
- Fusobacteriia
- "Macinerneyibacteriota"
- "Macinerneyibacteriia"
- "Muiribacteriota"
- "Muiribacteriia"
- "Rifleibacteriota"
- "Ozemibacteria"
- "Walliibacteriota"
BV2, BV4
Clade 1 |
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Clade 2 |
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Spirochaeto bacteriobiontes |
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PVC group (Planctobacteria) |
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FCB group (Sphingobacteria) |
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Proteobacteria BV2 |
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- "Qinglongiota"
- "Qinglongiia"
- "Salinosulfoleibacteria"
- "Teskebacteria"
- Source: Bergey's Manual (2001–2012)
- Alternative views: Wikispecies