Gracilibacteria

Phylum of bacteria

Gracilibacteria
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
(unranked):
CPR group
Phylum:
"Gracilibacteria"

Rinke et al. 2013
Genus:
"Ca. Altimarinus"
Type species
"Ca. A. pacificus"
Rinke et al. 2013

Gracilibacteria is a bacterial candidate phylum formerly known as GN02, BD1-5, or SN-2. It is part of the Candidate Phyla Radiation and the Patescibacteria group.

The first representative of the Gracilibacteria phylum was reported in 1999 after being recovered from a deep-sea sediment sample. The representative 16S rRNA sequence was referred to as "BD1-5" (sample BD1, sequence 5) and while it was noted that it displayed low sequence identity to any known 16S rRNA gene, it was not proposed as a new phylum at this time.[1] In 2006, representatives of Gracilibacteria were recovered from a hypersaline microbial mat from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico and proposed as a new phylum "GN02".[2] The BD1-5/GN02 phylum was renamed "Gracilibacteria" in 2013.[3][4]

The first Gracilibacteria genome was recovered from an acetate-amended aquifer (Rifle, CO, USA) using culture-independent, genome-resolved metagenomic techniques in 2012.[5] Genomic analyses suggest that members of the Gracilibacteria phylum have limited metabolisms and are likely symbionts or endosymbionts.[3] Members of Gracilibacteria use an alternative genetic code in which UGA encodes the glycine amino acid instead of a stop codon[6]

References

  1. ^ Li, Lina; Kato, Chiaki; Horikoshi, Koki (1999-05-01). "Bacterial diversity in deep-sea sediments from different depths". Biodiversity & Conservation. 8 (5): 659–677. doi:10.1023/A:1008848203739. ISSN 1572-9710. S2CID 25820840.
  2. ^ Ley, Ruth E.; Harris, J. Kirk; Wilcox, Joshua; Spear, John R.; Miller, Scott R.; Bebout, Brad M.; Maresca, Julia A.; Bryant, Donald A.; Sogin, Mitchell L.; Pace, Norman R. (2006-05-01). "Unexpected Diversity and Complexity of the Guerrero Negro Hypersaline Microbial Mat". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72 (5): 3685–3695. Bibcode:2006ApEnM..72.3685L. doi:10.1128/AEM.72.5.3685-3695.2006. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 1472358. PMID 16672518.
  3. ^ a b Sieber, Christian M. K.; Paul, Blair G.; Castelle, Cindy J.; Hu, Ping; Tringe, Susannah G.; Valentine, David L.; Andersen, Gary L.; Banfield, Jillian F. (2019-11-12). "Unusual Metabolism and Hypervariation in the Genome of a Gracilibacterium (BD1-5) from an Oil-Degrading Community". mBio. 10 (6). doi:10.1128/mbio.02128-19. ISSN 2150-7511. PMC 6851277. PMID 31719174.
  4. ^ Rinke, Christian; Schwientek, Patrick; Sczyrba, Alexander; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Anderson, Iain J.; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Darling, Aaron; Malfatti, Stephanie; Swan, Brandon K.; Gies, Esther A.; Dodsworth, Jeremy A. (July 2013). "Insights into the phylogeny and coding potential of microbial dark matter". Nature. 499 (7459): 431–437. Bibcode:2013Natur.499..431R. doi:10.1038/nature12352. hdl:10453/27467. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 23851394.
  5. ^ Wrighton, K. C.; Thomas, B. C.; Sharon, I.; Miller, C. S.; Castelle, C. J.; VerBerkmoes, N. C.; Wilkins, M. J.; Hettich, R. L.; Lipton, M. S.; Williams, K. H.; Long, P. E. (2012-09-27). "Fermentation, Hydrogen, and Sulfur Metabolism in Multiple Uncultivated Bacterial Phyla". Science. 337 (6102): 1661–1665. Bibcode:2012Sci...337.1661W. doi:10.1126/science.1224041. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 23019650. S2CID 10362580.
  6. ^ Hanke, Anna; Hamann, Emmo; Sharma, Ritin; Geelhoed, Jeanine S.; Hargesheimer, Theresa; Kraft, Beate; Meyer, Volker; Lenk, Sabine; Osmers, Harald; Wu, Rong; Makinwa, Kofi (2014-05-16). "Recoding of the stop codon UGA to glycine by a BD1-5/SN-2 bacterium and niche partitioning between Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria in a tidal sediment microbial community naturally selected in a laboratory chemostat". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 231. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00231. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 4032931. PMID 24904545.
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Prokaryotes: Bacteria classification
Domain
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryota
(major groups
Excavata
Diaphoretickes
Hacrobia
Rhizaria
Alveolata
Stramenopiles
Plants
Amorphea
Amoebozoa
Opisthokonta
Animals
Fungi)
Terrabacteria
BV1, BV3, BV5
others
Cyanoprokaryota
  • Cyanobacteriota
  • "Margulisiibacteriota"
    • "Marinamargulisbacteria"
    • "Riflemargulisbacteria"
    • "Saganbacteria"
    • "Termititenacia"
Firmicutes
BV3
Low GC
  • Bacillota
  • Bacillota A
    • "Clostridiia"
    • "Thermoanaerobacteria"
    • "Thermosediminibacteria"
  • Bacillota D
  • Bacillota E
    • "Sulfobacillia"
    • "Symbiobacteriia"
    • "Thermaerobacteria"
  • Bacillota G
    • "Hydrogenisporia"
    • Limnochordia
  • "Desulfotomaculota"
    • "Carboxydocellia"
    • "Carboxydothermia"
    • "Dehalobacteriia"
    • "Desulfitobacteriia"
    • "Desulfotomaculia"
    • "Moorellia"
    • "Peptococcia"
    • "Syntrophomonadia"
    • "Thermincolia"
  • "Halanaerobiaeota"
  • "Selenobacteria"
CPR group
  • "Elulota"
    • "Elulimicrobia"
  • "Patescibacteria"
    • ABY1
    • "Absconditabacteria"
    • "Andersenbacteria"
    • "Berkelbacteria"
    • "Dojkabacteria"
    • "Doudnabacteria"
    • "Gracilibacteria"
    • "Howlettbacteria"
    • "Katanobacteria"
    • "Kazanbacteria"
    • "Microgenomatia"
    • "Paceibacteria"
    • "Saccharimonadia"
    • "Torokbacteria"
    • "Wirthbacteria"
Thermotogida
Synergistetes
Thermocalda
Fusobacterida
  • Fusobacteriota
    • Fusobacteriia
  • "Macinerneyibacteriota"
    • "Macinerneyibacteriia"
  • "Muiribacteriota"
    • "Muiribacteriia"
  • "Rifleibacteriota"
    • "Ozemibacteria"
  • "Walliibacteriota"
Hydrobacteria
BV2, BV4
Clade 1
  • "Aerophobota"
    • "Aerophobia"
  • "Auribacterota"
    • "Ancaeobacteria"
    • "Auribacteria"
    • "Erginobacteria"
    • "Tritonobacteria"
  • "Desantisiibacteriota"
  • Elusimicrobiota
    • Elusimicrobiia
    • Endomicrobiia
  • "Firestoneibacteriota"
  • "Goldiibacteriota"
  • "Omnitrophota"
    • "Omnitrophia"
    • "Velamenicoccia"
  • "Ratteibacteriota"
Clade 2
  • "Abyssubacteria"
  • "Hinthialibacterota"
    • "Hinthialibacteria"
  • "Hydrogenedentota"
    • "Hydrogenedentia"
  • "Poribacteriota"
  • "Saltatorellota"
    • "Saltatorellae"
  • "Sumerlaeota"
    • "Sumerlaeia"
Spirochaeto
bacteriobiontes
  • "Babelota"
    • "Babeliae"
  • "Lindowiibacteriota"
  • Spirochaetota
    • "Brevinematia"
    • "Brachyspirae"
    • "Exilispiria"
    • "Leptospiria"
    • "Spirochaetia"
PVC group
(Planctobacteria)
FCB group
(Sphingobacteria)
Proteobacteria
BV2
Aquificida
  • "Acidulodesulfobacteriota"
    • "Acidulodesulfobacteriia"
  • Aquificota
    • Aquificia
    • "Desulfurobacteriia"
  • Campylobacterota
    • "Campylobacteria"
    • Desulfurellia
  • "Calescibacteriota"
    • "Calescibacteriia"
  • Chrysiogenota
    • Chrysiogenia
  • "Dadaibacteriota"
    • "Dadabacteria"
  • Deferribacterota
    • "Deferribacteria"
  • Desulfobacterota G
    • Syntrophorhabdia
  • "Thermosulfidibacterota"
    • "Thermosulfidibacteria"
Deltaproteobacteria
others
others
  • "Qinglongiota"
    • "Qinglongiia"
  • "Salinosulfoleibacteria"
  • "Teskebacteria"
Taxon identifiers
Gracilibacteria