Hapalonychia
Medical condition
| Hapalonychia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Egg-shell nail |
 | |
| Detached nail (in this image, due to crushing injury). | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
Hapalonychia, is a condition in which a toenail or fingernail (or multiple nails) nail becomes soft and thin, causing it to easily bend or break. This can result from an inherited condition,[1]: 786 malnutrition, or debility.
Nails often reflect underlying systemic health and nutrition issues. Although overall well-being is not typically determined by nail health, fissures, nail fissures (or breaks) and calcium spots are minor indications of inner health.[2] Hapalonychia is known to occur in persons with myxedema, rheumatoid arthritis, anorexia, bulimia, Hansen's disease, Raynaud phenomenon, oral retinoid therapy, and radiodermatitis.
Treatment involves treating the underlying cause and filling down the nail to reduce symptoms.
Signs and symptoms
Hapalonychia is marked by a thin, pliable nail plate that is prone to splitting or cracking at the ends. In certain instances, the nails could have a bluish-white colour and be semitransparent.[3]
Causes
Hapalonychia may result from a vitamin and mineral deficit may be congenital. More precisely, deficiencies in calcium and vitamins A, B6, C, and D have been linked to hapalonychia. In addition, hapalonychia may be a clinical manifestation of several disorders that cause hyperhidrosis. Hapalonychia can occur in conjunction with several illnesses, including cachexia, wet gangrene, kwashiorkor, leprosy, paronychia, scleroderma, and myxedema.[3]
Treatment
If there is a deficiency, vitamin or mineral supplements should be taken to restore sufficient stores as part of the hapalonychia treatment plan. If not, hapalonychia can be controlled by appropriately filing down the nails to lessen the symptoms.[3]
See also
- Nail anatomy
References
- ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ^ De, Dipankar; Seshadri, Divya (2012). "Nails in nutritional deficiencies". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 78 (3): 237–41. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.95437. PMID 22565422.
- ^ a b c Bloom, Andrew; Blanken, Brandon; Schlakman, Brandon; Arena, Tom; Mironov, Zachary; Vlahovic, Tracey C. (2020). "A Review of Nail Dystrophies for the Practitioner". Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 33 (1). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 20–26. doi:10.1097/01.asw.0000613536.27194.3c. ISSN 1538-8654.
Further reading
- Baran, R; Schoon, D (2004). "Nail fragility syndrome and its treatment". Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 3 (3): 131–137. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00076.x. ISSN 1473-2130. PMID 17134427.
- Cashman, Michael W.; Sloan, Steven Brett (2010). "Nutrition and nail disease". Clinics in Dermatology. 28 (4). Elsevier BV: 420–425. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.037. ISSN 0738-081X. PMID 20620759.
