Hugo Theorell
Hugo Theorell | |
---|---|
Born | (1903-07-06)6 July 1903 Linköping, Sweden |
Died | 15 August 1982(1982-08-15) (aged 79) Stockholm, Sweden |
Nationality | Swedish |
Awards | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1955) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Biochemistry |
Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell ForMemRS[1] (6 July 1903 – 15 August 1982) was a Swedish scientist and Nobel Prize laureate[2][3][4][5][6][7] in medicine.[8][9]
He was born in Linköping as the son of Thure Theorell and his wife Armida Bill. Theorell went to Secondary School at Katedralskolan in Linköping and passed his examination there on 23 May 1921. In September, he began to study medicine at the Karolinska Institute and in 1924 he graduated as a Bachelor of Medicine. He then spent three months studying bacteriology at the Pasteur Institute in Paris under Professor Albert Calmette. In 1930 he obtained his M.D. degree with a theory on the lipids of the blood plasma, and was appointed professor in physiological chemistry at the Karolinska Institute.
Theorell, who dedicated his entire career to enzyme research, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1955 for discovering oxidoreductase enzymes and their effects. His contribution also consisted of the theory of the toxic effects of sodium fluoride on the cofactors of crucial human enzymes. In 1936 he was appointed Head of the newly established Biochemical Department of the Nobel Medical Institute,[10] the first researcher related to the Institute to be awarded a Nobel Prize. His work had led to pioneering progress on alcohol dehydrogenases, enzymes that break down alcohol in the liver and other tissues. He received honorary degrees at universities in France, Belgium, Brazil and the United States. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the United States National Academy of Sciences,[11][12] and an International Member of the American Philosophical Society.[13]
Theorell died in Stockholm and is interred in Norra begravningsplatsen (The Northern Cemetery) alongside his wife, Elin Margit Elisabeth (née Alenius) Theorell, a distinguished pianist and harpsichordist who died in 2002.
References
- ^ Dalziel, K. (1983). "Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell. 6 July 1903-15 August 1982". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 29: 584–621. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1983.0021. JSTOR 769814.
- ^ Raju, T. N. (1999). "The Nobel chronicles. 1955: Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell (1903-82)". Lancet. 353 (9166): 1807. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75919-5. PMID 10348032. S2CID 53270506.
- ^ Shampo, M. A.; Kyle, R. A. (1998). "Hugo Theorell--Nobel Prize for study of enzymes". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 73 (2): 147. doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(11)63646-x. PMID 9472997.
- ^ Sulek, K. (1969). "Nobel prize for Hugo Axel Theorell in 1955 for the discovery of the explanation of the nature end action of oxidative enzymes". Wiadomosci Lekarskie. 22 (1): 85. PMID 4892414.
- ^ Margoliash, E. (1956). "Prof. Hugo Theorell, Nobel prize winner in medicine and physiology, 1955". Harefuah. 50 (7): 160. PMID 13318571.
- ^ Zotterman, Y. (1956). "Winner of the Nobel prize for physiology and medicine for 1955, Hugo Theorell". Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift. 98 (4): 126–127. PMID 13309262.
- ^ Zotterman, Y. (1955). "The winner of the Nobel prize in medicine for 1955, Hugo Theorell". Die Medizinische (48): 1685–1686. PMID 13287683.
- ^ Paul, K. G. (1982). "Hugo Theorell - more than half a century among the leaders of research". Läkartidningen. 79 (39): 3435–3437. PMID 6757611.
- ^ Slater, E. C. (1970). "Tribute to Professor Theorell". Vitamins and Hormones. 28: 147–150. doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60891-2. ISBN 9780127098289. PMID 4946799.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955: Hugo Theorell Biographical". Retrieved 19 March 2021.
- ^ "Hugo Theorell". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ "Axel H. Theorell". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
External links
- Hugo Theorell on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1955 The Nature and Mode of Action of Oxidation Enzymes
- v
- t
- e
- 1901: Emil Behring
- 1902: Ronald Ross
- 1903: Niels Finsen
- 1904: Ivan Pavlov
- 1905: Robert Koch
- 1906: Camillo Golgi / Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- 1907: Alphonse Laveran
- 1908: Élie Metchnikoff / Paul Ehrlich
- 1909: Emil Kocher
- 1910: Albrecht Kossel
- 1911: Allvar Gullstrand
- 1912: Alexis Carrel
- 1913: Charles Richet
- 1914: Róbert Bárány
- 1915
- 1916
- 1917
- 1918
- 1919: Jules Bordet
- 1920: August Krogh
- 1921
- 1922: Archibald Hill / Otto Meyerhof
- 1923: Frederick Banting / John Macleod
- 1924: Willem Einthoven
- 1925
- 1926: Johannes Fibiger
- 1927: Julius Wagner-Jauregg
- 1928: Charles Nicolle
- 1929: Christiaan Eijkman / Frederick Gowland Hopkins
- 1930: Karl Landsteiner
- 1931: Otto Warburg
- 1932: Charles Scott Sherrington / Edgar Adrian
- 1933: Thomas Morgan
- 1934: George Whipple / George Minot / William Murphy
- 1935: Hans Spemann
- 1936: Henry Dale / Otto Loewi
- 1937: Albert Szent-Györgyi
- 1938: Corneille Heymans
- 1939: Gerhard Domagk
- 1940
- 1941
- 1942
- 1943: Henrik Dam / Edward Doisy
- 1944: Joseph Erlanger / Herbert Gasser
- 1945: Alexander Fleming / Ernst Chain / Howard Florey
- 1946: Hermann Muller
- 1947: Carl Cori / Gerty Cori / Bernardo Houssay
- 1948: Paul Müller
- 1949: Walter Hess / António Egas Moniz
- 1950: Edward Kendall / Tadeusz Reichstein / Philip Hench
- 1951: Max Theiler
- 1952: Selman Waksman
- 1953: Hans Krebs / Fritz Lipmann
- 1954: John Enders / Thomas Weller / Frederick Robbins
- 1955: Hugo Theorell
- 1956: André Cournand / Werner Forssmann / Dickinson W. Richards
- 1957: Daniel Bovet
- 1958: George Beadle / Edward Tatum / Joshua Lederberg
- 1959: Severo Ochoa / Arthur Kornberg
- 1960: Frank Burnet / Peter Medawar
- 1961: Georg von Békésy
- 1962: Francis Crick / James Watson / Maurice Wilkins
- 1963: John Eccles / Alan Hodgkin / Andrew Huxley
- 1964: Konrad Bloch / Feodor Lynen
- 1965: François Jacob / André Lwoff / Jacques Monod
- 1966: Francis Rous / Charles B. Huggins
- 1967: Ragnar Granit / Haldan Hartline / George Wald
- 1968: Robert W. Holley / Har Khorana / Marshall Nirenberg
- 1969: Max Delbrück / Alfred Hershey / Salvador Luria
- 1970: Bernard Katz / Ulf von Euler / Julius Axelrod
- 1971: Earl Sutherland Jr.
- 1972: Gerald Edelman / Rodney Porter
- 1973: Karl von Frisch / Konrad Lorenz / Nikolaas Tinbergen
- 1974: Albert Claude / Christian de Duve / George Palade
- 1975: David Baltimore / Renato Dulbecco / Howard Temin
- 1976: Baruch Blumberg / Daniel Gajdusek
- 1977: Roger Guillemin / Andrew Schally / Rosalyn Yalow
- 1978: Werner Arber / Daniel Nathans / Hamilton O. Smith
- 1979: Allan Cormack / Godfrey Hounsfield
- 1980: Baruj Benacerraf / Jean Dausset / George Snell
- 1981: Roger Sperry / David H. Hubel / Torsten Wiesel
- 1982: Sune Bergström / Bengt I. Samuelsson / John Vane
- 1983: Barbara McClintock
- 1984: Niels Jerne / Georges Köhler / César Milstein
- 1985: Michael Brown / Joseph L. Goldstein
- 1986: Stanley Cohen / Rita Levi-Montalcini
- 1987: Susumu Tonegawa
- 1988: James W. Black / Gertrude B. Elion / George H. Hitchings
- 1989: J. Michael Bishop / Harold E. Varmus
- 1990: Joseph Murray / E. Donnall Thomas
- 1991: Erwin Neher / Bert Sakmann
- 1992: Edmond Fischer / Edwin G. Krebs
- 1993: Richard J. Roberts / Phillip Sharp
- 1994: Alfred G. Gilman / Martin Rodbell
- 1995: Edward B. Lewis / Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard / Eric F. Wieschaus
- 1996: Peter C. Doherty / Rolf M. Zinkernagel
- 1997: Stanley B. Prusiner
- 1998: Robert F. Furchgott / Louis Ignarro / Ferid Murad
- 1999: Günter Blobel
- 2000: Arvid Carlsson / Paul Greengard / Eric Kandel
- 2001: Leland H. Hartwell / Tim Hunt / Paul Nurse
- 2002: Sydney Brenner / H. Robert Horvitz / John E. Sulston
- 2003: Paul Lauterbur / Peter Mansfield
- 2004: Richard Axel / Linda B. Buck
- 2005: Barry Marshall / Robin Warren
- 2006: Andrew Fire / Craig Mello
- 2007: Mario Capecchi / Martin Evans / Oliver Smithies
- 2008: Harald zur Hausen / Luc Montagnier / Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
- 2009: Elizabeth Blackburn / Carol W. Greider / Jack W. Szostak
- 2010: Robert G. Edwards
- 2011: Bruce Beutler / Jules A. Hoffmann / Ralph M. Steinman (posthumously)
- 2012: John Gurdon / Shinya Yamanaka
- 2013: James Rothman / Randy Schekman / Thomas C. Südhof
- 2014: John O'Keefe / May-Britt Moser / Edvard Moser
- 2015: William C. Campbell / Satoshi Ōmura / Tu Youyou
- 2016: Yoshinori Ohsumi
- 2017: Jeffrey C. Hall / Michael Rosbash / Michael W. Young
- 2018: James P. Allison / Tasuku Honjo
- 2019: Gregg L. Semenza / Peter J. Ratcliffe / William Kaelin Jr.
- 2020: Harvey J. Alter / Michael Houghton / Charles M. Rice
- 2021: David Julius / Ardem Patapoutian
- 2022: Svante Pääbo
- 2023: Katalin Karikó / Drew Weissman