Pholidophoridae

Pholidophoridae Temporal range: Anisian–Norian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Fossil of Pholidorhynchodon malzanni
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	†Pholidophoriformes
Family:	†Pholidophoridae Woodward, 1890
Genera[3]
†Annaichthys Arratia, 2013 †Ceneichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2015[1] †Eopholidophorus Zambelli, 1989 †Knerichthys Arratia, 2013 †Lombardichthys Arratia, 2017 †Malingichthys Tintori et al., 2015 †Parapholidophorus Zambelli, 1975 †Pholidoctenus Zambelli, 1977 †Pholidophoretes Griffith, 1977 †Pholidophorus Agassiz, 1832 (Type) †Pholidorhynchodon Zambelli, 1980 †Pseudopholidoctenus Arratia & Schultze, 2024[2] †Zambellichthys Arratia, 2013

Pholidophoridae is an extinct family of primitive stem-teleost fish that lived during the Triassic period, from the Anisian age of the Middle Triassic to the Norian age of the Late Triassic. Most of the genera are from Europe, but one (Malingichthys) is known from China.^[3] The pholidophorids were historically united with several other stem-teleost lineages into the order Pholidophoriformes, but Pholidophoriformes in its traditional sense is now considered paraphyletic with respect to crown group teleosts.^[4]

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram simplified after Bean (2021):^[5]

References

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Teleostei sensu de Pinna, 1996 (= Teleosteomorpha)

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Subclass: Neopterygii
Actinopterygii see Actinopterygii Neopterygii see Neopterygii Teleostei see below↓

Teleostei
Teleostei †Atacamichthys †Baleiichthys †Barschichthys †Bunoderma †Ceramurus †Dorsetichthys †Elpistoichthys †Eurycormus †Galkinia †Grimmenichthys †Hengnania †Hulettia? †Hungkiichthys †Ichthyokentema †Jialingichthys †Koonwarria †Ligulella †Luxembourgichthys †Majokia †Marcopoloichthys †Neobaleiichthys †Oligopleurus? †Pholidophorichthys †Pholidophoroides †Pholidophoropsis †Prohalecites †Ruedersdorfia †Seefeldia †Seinstedtia †Signeuxella †Pachycormidae Asthenocormus Australopachycormus Bonnerichthys Eugnathides? Euthynotus Germanostomus Haasichthys Hypsocormus Kaykay Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus †Aspidorhynchidae Aspidorhynchus Belonostomus Jonoichthys Pseudovinctifer Richmondichthys Vinctifer †Pholidophoridae sensu stricto Annaichthys Ceneichthys Eopholidophorus Knerichthys Lombardichthys Malingichthys Parapholidophorus Pholidoctenus Pholidophoretes Pholidophorus Pholidorhynchodon Pseudopholidoctenus Zambellichthys †Archaeomaenidae Aphnelepis Archaeomaene Gurvanichthys Oreochima Wadeichthys Zaxilepis †Siyuichthyidae Bogdaichthys Dsungarichthys Manasichthys Siyuichthys Wukangia †Pleuropholidae Austropleuropholis Gondwanapleuropholis Parapleuropholis Pleuropholis Zurupleuropholis †Ankylophoridae Ankylophorus Lehmanophorus Neopholidophoropsis Pholidophoristion Siemensichthys Songaichthys Steurbautichthys †Catervariolidae Catervariolus Kisanganichthys Songanella Teleosts with cycloid scales see below↓ Otolith taxa †Archengraulis †Bicavolithus †Doggerichthys †Sphaeronchus †Xenoleptolepis

Teleosts with cycloid scales
Teleosts with cycloid scales †Antofagastaichthys †Araripichthys †Paraclupavus †Pholidolepis †Todiltia †Leptolepidae Leptolepis Longileptolepis Proleptolepis †Luisiellidae Cavenderichthys? Luisiella Waldmanichthys? †Ascalaboidae Ascalabos Ebertichthys Tharsis †Crossognathiformes Bavarichthys Chongichthys Salminops? Varasichthyidae? Bobbichthys Domeykos Luisichthys Protoclupea Varasichthys Notelopidae Bavarichthys? Michin? Notelops Nusaviichthys Crossognathidae Apsopelix Crossognathus Pachyrhizodontidae Apricenapiscis Aquilopiscis Cavinichthys Chongichthys? Elopopsis Goulmimichthys Greenwoodella Kradimus Lebrunichthys Michin? Motlayoichthys Nardopiscis Pachyrhizodus Platinx Polcynichthys Rhacolepis Stanhopeichthys Tingitanichthys †Ichthyodectiformes Africathrissops Allothrissops Altamuraichthys Antarctithrissops Ascalabothrissops? Capassoichthys Carsothrissops Dugaldia Faugichthys Furloichthys Garganoichthys Gillicus Occithrissops Ogunichthys Pachythrissops? Prymnetes Sultanuvaisia Thrissops Verraesichthys Chuhsiungichthyidae Chuhsiungichthys Jinjuichthys Mesoclupea Bardackichthyidae Amakusaichthys? Bardackichthys Heckelichthys? Cladocyclidae Aidachar Chirocentrites Chiromystus Cladocyclus Cladocynodon Eubiodectes Ichthyodectidae Cooyoo Ghrisichthys Ichthyodectes Postredectes Xiphactinus Saurodontidae Gwawinapterus Prosaurodon Saurocephalus Saurodon Unamichthys Vallecillichthys Crown-Teleostei see below↓

Crown-Teleostei
Elopomorpha see Elopomorpha †Orthogonikleithridae Cavenderichthys? Leptolepides Orthogonikleithrus Waldmanichthys? Osteoglossomorpha see Osteoglossomorpha †Tselfatiiformes Eoplethodus Protobramidae Abisaadichthys Eusebichthys Protobrama Plethodidae Bachea Bananogmius Concavotectum Dixonanogmius Enischnorhynchus Luxilites Martinichthys Moorevillia Niobrara Paranogmius Pentanogmius Plethodus Pseudonogmius Pseudothryptodus Rhamphoichthys Syntegmodus Thryptodus Tselfatia Zanclites Clupeocephala Otocephala Euteleostei

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