Totoli language
Totoli | |
---|---|
Native to | parts of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia |
Native speakers | 25,000 (2001)[1] |
Language family | Austronesian
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | txe |
Glottolog | toto1304 |
ELP | Totoli |
Totoli (also known as Tolitoli) is a Sulawesi language of the Austronesian language family spoken by 25,000 people of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Grammar
Voice
Totoli has a symmetrical voice system.[2] In the examples below, i Winarno mongusut kunji motorna is an actor voice construction, while kunji itu kusuti i Winarno is an undergoer voice construction.
I
HON
Winaro
PN
moN-kusut
AV-look.for
kunji
key
motor=na
scooter=3S.GEN
I Winaro moN-kusut kunji motor=na
HON PN AV-look.for key scooter=3S.GEN
'Winarno is looking for the keys of his scooter.'[2]: 1
kunji
key
itu
DIST
kusut-i
look.for-UV2
i
HON
Winaro
PN
kunji itu kusut-i i Winaro
key DIST look.for-UV2 HON PN
'The keys are being looked for by Winarno.'[2]: 1 Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);
The syntactic pivot can be placed before the predicate, as shown:
gaukan
king
no-gutu
AV.RLS-make
ponguman
story
itu
DIST
gaukan no-gutu ponguman itu
king AV.RLS-make story DIST
'The king made this announcement.'[3]: 142
kopi
coffee
ia
PRX
ni-pogutu
RLS(UG)-make
i
PN
Andris
Andrew
kopi ia ni-pogutu i Andris
coffee PRX RLS(UG)-make PN Andrew
'Andrew made this coffee.'[3]: 143
References
- ^ Totoli at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c Riesberg, Sonja (2014). Symmetrical voice and linking in Western Austronesian languages. Walter de Gruyter.
- ^ a b Adelaar, K. Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus, eds. (2005). The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar.
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Bungku–Tolaki | |||||||
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Muna–Buton | |||||||
Saluan–Banggai | |||||||
Tomini–Tolitoli * | |||||||
Kaili–Wolio * |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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