WNT3A

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

WNT3A

Identifiers

Aliases

WNT3A, Wnt family member 3A

External IDs

OMIM: 606359; MGI: 98956; HomoloGene: 22528; GeneCards: WNT3A; OMA:WNT3A - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)^[1]

Band	1q42.13	Start	228,006,998 bp^[1]
Band	1q42.13	End	228,061,271 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)^[2]

Band	11 B1.3\|11 37.17 cM	Start	59,138,859 bp^[2]
Band	11 B1.3\|11 37.17 cM	End	59,181,578 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

placenta

right lung

upper lobe of left lung

olfactory zone of nasal mucosa

skin of leg

skin of abdomen

mucosa of esophagus

salivary gland

minor salivary glands

prostate

Top expressed in

urethra

male urethra

epithelium of male urethra

ejaculatory duct

female urethra

vagina

muscle layer of seminal vesicle

prostatic epithelium

muscle layer of urethra

primitive streak

More reference expression data

BioGPS


More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein domain specific binding signaling receptor binding co-receptor binding frizzled binding protein binding transcription coactivator activity receptor ligand activity
Cellular component	endocytic vesicle membrane endoplasmic reticulum lumen extracellular region cell surface extracellular exosome Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex early endosome membrane plasma membrane Golgi lumen presynapse extracellular space synapse glutamatergic synapse
Biological process	somitogenesis cellular response to retinoic acid hemopoiesis positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Wnt signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development positive regulation of receptor internalization axis elongation involved in somitogenesis positive regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury mammary gland development platelet activation heart looping positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane cardiac muscle cell fate commitment mesoderm development cell proliferation in forebrain positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification negative regulation of fat cell differentiation canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation cell proliferation in midbrain in utero embryonic development negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of axonogenesis positive regulation of B cell proliferation post-anal tail morphogenesis positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation negative regulation of neuron projection development paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment negative regulation of neurogenesis positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity extracellular matrix organization positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation synaptic vesicle recycling osteoblast differentiation skeletal muscle cell differentiation COP9 signalosome assembly dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning positive regulation of protein binding platelet aggregation midbrain development positive regulation of protein kinase activity positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation neurogenesis spinal cord association neuron differentiation axonogenesis positive regulation of cytokine production positive regulation of dermatome development somatic stem cell division positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation axon guidance multicellular organism development determination of left/right symmetry inner ear morphogenesis positive regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of cell differentiation hippocampus development negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt signaling pathway positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II anterior/posterior pattern specification Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly neuron differentiation Wnt signaling pathway positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway positive regulation of gene expression calcium ion transmembrane transport via low voltage-gated calcium channel presynapse assembly negative regulation of neuron death positive regulation of core promoter binding regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of signaling receptor activity cell population proliferation canonical Wnt signaling pathway secondary palate development cell fate commitment modulation of chemical synaptic transmission regulation of synapse organization postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway regulation of presynapse assembly
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


89780


22416

Ensembl


ENSG00000154342


ENSMUSG00000009900

UniProt


P56704


P27467

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_033131


NM_009522

RefSeq (protein)


NP_149122


NP_033548

Location (UCSC)

Chr 1: 228.01 – 228.06 Mb

Chr 11: 59.14 – 59.18 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Protein Wnt-3a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT3A gene.^[5]

The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes that encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have are critical in tissue homeostasis, embryonic development, and disease.

Signaling and Related Genes

WNT3A is highly related to the WNT3 gene in sequence and protein function. WNT3A and WNT3 signal similarly through primarily the beta-catenin/Tcf pathway. WNT3A is located in the genome beside the WNT9A gene across many vertebrates. Similarly, the WNT3 gene occurs in the genome beside the WNT9B gene. WNT9A and WNT9B signal through the beta-catenin/Tcf pathway but do not play related roles as WNT3A and WNT3 in the same cellular processes.

Role in Disease

WNT3A is not linked to particular genetic disorder in humans. Mice that have a genetic mutation in the WNT3A die during early embryogenesis and fail to correctly form axial tissues.^[6] Rodent Wnt3a promotes the beta-catenin/Tcf pathway which is tumor inducing and can cause cancer when expressed in particular cell populations.^[7]

Role in embryonic development

Embryonic development is the process where the body plan is created. From studies in vertebrate model systems we can infer the roles of particular genes in human anatomical structures. Wnt3a plays a role in these processes:

Body plan - Torso

Wnt3A patterns a multipotent stem cell population that form neurons, muscles, bones, and cartilage of the torso region. Wnt3a instructs these multipotent stems cells to form muscle, bone, and cartilage progenitors over forming neurons.^[8] Wnt3A also regulates the Notch pathway to control the segmentation clock needed for normal torso development ^[9]^[10]

Left-Right patterning

Wnt3a is in a signaling pathway that activates the gene Nodal which is left side signaling determinant ^[11]

Intestine - Colon

The colon portion of the gastrointestinal tract is completely dependent on Wnt3a and Wnt3a selectively causes the growth of colon progenitors ^[12]

Neural crest

Wnt3a expands neural crest cells during early development ^[13]

Blood cells

Wnt3a promotes hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. Wnt3a is needed for myeloid but not B-lymphoid development at the progenitor level, and affected immature thymocyte differentiation ^[14]

Brain - Hippocampus

Wnt3a is needed for formation of the hippocampus portion of the brain ^[15]

Teeth

Wnt3a promotes stem cell properties of dental pulp stem cells ^[16]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000154342 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000009900 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: WNT3A wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3A".
^ Yoshikawa Y, Fujimori T, McMahon AP, Takada S (March 1997). "Evidence that absence of Wnt-3a signaling promotes neuralization instead of paraxial mesoderm development in the mouse". Developmental Biology. 183 (2): 234–42. doi:10.1006/dbio.1997.8502. PMID 9126297.
^ Pashirzad M, Fiuji H, Khazei M, Moradi-Binabaj M, Ryzhikov M, Shabani M, et al. (October 2019). "Role of Wnt3a in the pathogenesis of cancer, current status and prospective". Molecular Biology Reports. 46 (5): 5609–5616. doi:10.1007/s11033-019-04895-4. PMID 31236761. S2CID 195329662.
^ Garriock RJ, Chalamalasetty RB, Kennedy MW, Canizales LC, Lewandoski M, Yamaguchi TP (May 2015). "Lineage tracing of neuromesodermal progenitors reveals novel Wnt-dependent roles in trunk progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation". Development. 142 (9): 1628–38. doi:10.1242/dev.111922. PMC 4419273. PMID 25922526.
^ Aulehla A, Wehrle C, Brand-Saberi B, Kemler R, Gossler A, Kanzler B, Herrmann BG (March 2003). "Wnt3a plays a major role in the segmentation clock controlling somitogenesis". Developmental Cell. 4 (3): 395–406. doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(03)00055-8. PMID 12636920.
^ Nakaya MA, Biris K, Tsukiyama T, Jaime S, Rawls JA, Yamaguchi TP (December 2005). "Wnt3a links left-right determination with segmentation and anteroposterior axis elongation". Development. 132 (24): 5425–36. doi:10.1242/dev.02149. PMC 1389788. PMID 16291790.
^ Nakaya MA, Biris K, Tsukiyama T, Jaime S, Rawls JA, Yamaguchi TP (December 2005). "Wnt3a links left-right determination with segmentation and anteroposterior axis elongation". Development. 132 (24): 5425–36. doi:10.1242/dev.02149. PMC 1389788. PMID 16291790.
^ Garriock RJ, Chalamalasetty RB, Zhu J, Kennedy MW, Kumar A, Mackem S, Yamaguchi TP (April 2020). "A dorsal-ventral gradient of Wnt3a/β-catenin signals controls mouse hindgut extension and colon formation". Development. 147 (8): dev185108. doi:10.1242/dev.185108. PMC 7174843. PMID 32156757.
^ Ikeya M, Lee SM, Johnson JE, McMahon AP, Takada S (October 1997). "Wnt signalling required for expansion of neural crest and CNS progenitors". Nature. 389 (6654): 966–70. Bibcode:1997Natur.389..966I. doi:10.1038/40146. PMID 9353119. S2CID 4359867.
^ Luis TC, Weerkamp F, Naber BA, Baert MR, de Haas EF, Nikolic T, et al. (January 2009). "Wnt3a deficiency irreversibly impairs hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and leads to defects in progenitor cell differentiation". Blood. 113 (3): 546–54. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-06-163774. hdl:1765/19345. PMID 18832654. S2CID 1932170.
^ Lee SM, Tole S, Grove E, McMahon AP (February 2000). "A local Wnt-3a signal is required for development of the mammalian hippocampus". Development. 127 (3): 457–67. doi:10.1242/dev.127.3.457. PMID 10631167.
^ Uribe-Etxebarria V, García-Gallastegui P, Pérez-Garrastachu M, Casado-Andrés M, Irastorza I, Unda F, et al. (March 2020). "Wnt-3a Induces Epigenetic Remodeling in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells". Cells. 9 (3): E652. doi:10.3390/cells9030652. PMC 7140622. PMID 32156036.

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