Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat

Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat First Lady of the United States
Petahana Jill Biden sejak 20 Januari 2021
Gelar	Madam First Lady Dr. Biden
Singkatan	FLOTUS
Kediaman	Gedung Putih
Pejabat perdana	Martha Washington
Dibentuk	30 April 1789; 235 tahun lalu (1789-04-30)
Situs web	whitehouse.gov

Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat (bahasa Inggris: First Lady of the United States, disingkat FLOTUS) adalah gelar yang dipegang oleh pramutamu wanita Gedung Putih, biasanya istri dari presiden Amerika Serikat, dan berlangung selama masa jabatan presiden tersebut. Meskipun peran ibu negara tidak pernah dikodifikasi atau didefinisikan secara resmi, ia menonjol dalam kehidupan politik dan sosial bangsa.^[1]

Jill Biden adalah ibu negara Amerika Serikat sekarang, dan merupakan istri dari presiden ke-46 Amerika Serikat, Joe Biden.

Daftar Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat

Referensi

^ Caroli, Betty Boyd. "First Lady: United States title". Encyclopædia Britannica. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 15, 2019. Diakses tanggal September 30, 2016. Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)

Bacaan lanjutan

Jeanne E. Abrams. First Ladies of the Republic: Martha Washington, Abigail Adams, Dolley Madison, and the Creation of an Iconic American Role. New York New York University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-1-4798-8653-1.
Anthony, Carl Sferrazza (1992). First Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents Wives and Their Power 1789–1961. New York: Quill/William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-688-11272-1. excerpt and text search
Bailey, Tim (Spring 2013). "America's First Ladies on Twentieth-Century Issues: A Common Core Unit". History Now. 35. Curriculum unit based on primary sources.
Berkin, Carol, ed. (Spring 2013). "America's First Ladies". History Now. 35. Popular essays by scholars.
Böck, Magdalena (2009). The Role of First Ladies: A Comparison Between the US and Europe (edisi ke-eBook). Munich: GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-640-42153-4.
Brower, Kate Andersen (2016). First Women: The Grace and Power of America's Modern First Ladies. New York: Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-243965-9.
Caroli, Betty Boyd. "The Role of First Lady" in Graff, Henry F., ed. The presidents: A Reference History (3rd ed. 2002) online
Deppisch, Ludwig M. (2015). The Health of the First Ladies: Medical Histories from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama. McFarland.
Hummer, Jill Abraham. First Ladies and American Women: In Politics and at Home (UP of Kansas, 2017); 269 pages;
Lugo-Lugo, Carmen R.; Bloodsworth-Lugo, Mary K. (2011). "Bare Biceps and American (In) Security: Post-9/11 Constructions of Safe(ty), Threat, and the First Black First Lady". Women's Studies Quarterly. 39 (1): 200–217. doi:10.1353/wsq.2011.0030. Parameter |name-list-style= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) On media images of Michelle Obama.
Pastan, Amy (2008). First Ladies. London: DK. ISBN 978-0-7894-7398-1. Heavily illustrated.
Roberts, John B. (2004). Rating The First Ladies: The Women Who Influenced the Presidency (edisi ke-2nd). New York: Citadel Press. ISBN 978-0-8065-2608-9. excerpt and text search
Schwartz, Marie Jenkins. Ties That Bound: Founding First Ladies and Slaves (U of Chicago Press, 2017), 420 pp.
Troy, Gil (1997). Affairs of State The Rise and Rejection of the Presidential Couple Since World War II. By a leading political historian.
Truman, Margaret (1996). First Ladies: An Intimate Group Portrait of White House Wives. New York: Facett Columbine. ISBN 978-0-449-22323-9. excerpt and text search
Watson, Robert P. (2003). "Toward the Study of the First Lady: The State of Scholarship". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 33 (2): 423–441. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2003.tb00038.x.

Pranala luar

Alphabetical List of First Ladies of the United States – Library of Congress website
Office of the First Lady – WhiteHouse.gov
First Lady's Gallery – WhiteHouse.gov
The National First Ladies' Library
The First Ladies at the Smithsonian – an online exhibition from the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

l b s Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat
Martha Washington Abigail Adams Martha Jefferson Randolph Dolley Madison Elizabeth Monroe Louisa Adams Emily Donelson Sarah Jackson Angelica Van Buren Anna Harrison Jane Harrison Letitia Tyler Priscilla Tyler Julia Tyler Sarah Polk Margaret Taylor Abigail Fillmore Jane Pierce Harriet Lane Mary Todd Lincoln Eliza Johnson Julia Grant Lucy Hayes Lucretia Garfield Mary McElroy Rose Cleveland Frances Cleveland Caroline Harrison Mary Harrison Frances Cleveland Ida McKinley Edith Roosevelt Helen Taft Ellen Wilson Margaret Wilson Edith Wilson Florence Harding Grace Coolidge Lou Hoover Eleanor Roosevelt Bess Truman Mamie Eisenhower Jacqueline Kennedy Lady Bird Johnson Pat Nixon Betty Ford Rosalynn Carter Nancy Reagan Barbara Bush Hillary Clinton Laura Bush Michelle Obama Melania Trump Jill Biden
Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat National Historic Site First Ladies: Influence & Image