Gloria Swanson

Gloria May Josephine Swanson (27 Mac 1899 – 4 April 1983) merupakan seorang pelakon, penerbit, dan ahli perniagaan Amerika. Beliaun mula-mula mencapai kemasyhuran berlakon dalam berpuluh-puluh filem senyap pada tahun 1920-an dan telah dicalonkan tiga kali untuk Anugerah Akademi untuk Pelakon Wanita Terbaik, yang paling terkenal untuk kemenangannya pada tahun 1950 dalam Sunset Boulevard arahan Billy Wilder, yang turut memberikannya Anugerah Golden Globe .

Kehidupan peribadi

Swanson adalah seorang vegetarian dan penyokong makanan kesihatan awal ^[1] yang terkenal kerana membawa makanannya sendiri ke majlis awam dalam kotak timah. ^[2] Pada tahun 1975, Swanson mengembara ke Amerika Syarikat dan membantu mempromosikan buku Sugar Blues yang ditulis oleh suaminya, William Dufty. ^[3] Beliau juga menulis hantu autobiografi Swanson on Swanson, yang menjadi kejayaan komersial. ^[4] ^[2] Pada tahun yang sama, beliau mereka bentuk tembolok setem untuk Dekad Wanita Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, yang merupakan projek kreatif terakhirnya. ^[2]

Swanson meninggal dunia akibat sakit jantung di Hospital New York pada 4 April 1983. Beliau ketika itu baru pulang dari rumahnya di Riviera Portugis . ^[5] ^[6] Mayat beliau dibakar dan abunya disemadikan di Gereja Episcopal of the Heavenly Rest di Fifth Avenue di New York City, dihadiri oleh sekumpulan kecil keluarga. Gereja itu adalah tempat yang sama di mana pengebumian Chester A. Arthur telah berlangsung. ^[7]

Selepas kematian Swanson, terdapat beberapa siri lelongan dari Ogos hingga September 1983 di Galeri William Doyle di New York. Pengumpul membeli perabot dan hiasan, barang kemas, pakaian dan memorabilia daripada kehidupan peribadi dan kerjayanya. ^[8]

Nota

^ Shearer 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c Welsch 2013.
^ "Gloria Swanson's Glamor Never Fades". The Palm Beach Post. November 8, 1975. Dicapai pada May 27, 2020.
^ "William F. Dufty, 86; Wrote 'Lady Sings the Blues' and 'Sugar Blues'". Los Angeles Times. July 4, 2002.
^ Flint, Peter B. (April 5, 1983). "Gloria Swanson Dies. 20's Film Idol". The New York Times. m/s. A1. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada November 2, 2014. Gloria Swanson, a symbol of enduring glamour who was perhaps the most glittering goddess of Hollywood's golden youth in the 1920s, died of a heart ailment yesterday in New York Hospital. The actress entered the hospital two weeks ago after suffering what friends said was a mild heart attack...
^ "Gloria Swanson Dies". Herald-Journal. Associated Press. April 5, 1983. Dicapai pada October 10, 2012. Gloria Swanson, the quintessential glamour girl who reigned in Hollywood's golden age died in her sleep at New York Hospital early Monday. ...
^ Donnelley, Paul (2003). Fade to Black: A Book of Movie Obituaries. Omnibus. m/s. 887. ISBN 0-7119-9512-5.
^ "$182,000 spent for memorabilia of star Swanson". Press and Sun-Bulletin. September 23, 1983.

Bibliografi

Balio, Tino (2009). United Artists, Volume 1, 1919–1950: The Company Built by the Stars. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-23003-6.(langganan diperlukan)
Bawden, James; Miller, Ron (2016). "Gloria Swanson". Conversations with Classic Film Stars: Interviews from Hollywood's Golden Era. The University Press of Kentucky. m/s. 14–26. ISBN 978-0-8131-6712-1.(langganan diperlukan)
Beauchamp, Cari (2009). Joseph P. Kennedy presents : his Hollywood years (ed. First Vintage books). New York. ISBN 978-0-307-47522-0.
Birchard, Robert S. S. (2009). Cecil B. DeMille's Hollywood. The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2636-4.(langganan diperlukan)
Carper, James C. (2009). The Praeger handbook of religion and education in the United States. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-99227-9.
Desjardins, Mary R. (2015). Recycled Stars: Female Film Stardom in the Age of Television and Video. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-7603-3.
Dufty, William (1993). Sugar Blues. Grand Central Publishing.
Harzig, Christiane; Matovic, Margareta, penyunting (2018). "Embracing a Middle-Class Life: Swedish-American Women in Lake View". Peasant Maids, City Women: From the European Countryside to Urban America. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-5017-2554-8.(langganan diperlukan)
Hershfield, Joanne (2000). Invention Of Dolores Del Rio. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-5282-2.(langganan diperlukan)
Holbrook, Morris (2011). Music, Movies, Meanings, and Markets : Cinemajazzamatazz. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-81553-3.
King, Rob (2009). The fun factory : the Keystone Film Company and the emergence of mass culture. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25538-8.
Lennig, Arthur (2000). Stroheim. The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-7125-8.(langganan diperlukan)
Moss, Marilyn (2011). "Pre-Code Walsh". Raoul Walsh: The True Adventures of Hollywood's Legendary Director. The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-3394-2.(langganan diperlukan)
Pearson, Drew (May 14, 1964). "The Washington Merry-Go-Round" (PDF). dspace.wrlc.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada January 16, 2013. Dicapai pada September 19, 2020.
Phillips, Gene (2010). Some Like It Wilder: The Life and Controversial Films of Billy Wilder. The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-7367-2.(langganan diperlukan)
Quirk, Lawrence J. (1984). The Films of Gloria Swanson. Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-0874-4.
Shearer, Stephen Michael (2013). Gloria Swanson : the Ultimate Star. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 978-1-250-00155-9.
Syman, Stefanie (2010). The Subtle Body: the Story of Yoga in America. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-53284-0. OCLC 456171421.
Thomson, David (2014). The New Biographical Dictionary of Film (ed. Sixth). New York. ISBN 978-0-375-71184-8.
Welsch, Tricia (2013). Gloria Swanson: Ready for Her Close-Up. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-62103-991-4.(langganan diperlukan)
Mino, Salvestri (1925). Gloria Swanson: La grande attrice di moda (PDF). Milan, Gloriosa Editore.

Pautan luar

Umum

Gloria Swanson di Pangkalan Data Filem Internet (IMDb)
Gloria Swanson di TCM Movie Database
Gloria Swanson at the Women Film Pioneers Project
Glorious Gloria Swanson – Tribute site
Gloria Swanson's papers at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
Gloria Swanson photographs and bibliography