APG III-systeem

APG III (2009) Vereenvoudigd schema
  • 'angiosperms', bedektzadigen, Angiospermae
    • basale 'angiosperms'[1]
    • Mesangiospermae
        • 'magnoliids', magnoliiden, Magnoliopsida
        • Chloranthales
        • 'monocots', Monocotyledoneae, eenzaadlobbigen
          • Ceratophyllales
          • 'eudicots', (nieuwe) tweezaadlobbigen
  1. ↑ basale 'angiosperms': Amborellales, Nymphaeales, Austrobaileyales (de ANA grade)
  2. ↑ basale 'eudicots': Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales
  3. ↑ basale 'rosids': Vitales
  4. ↑ basale 'asterids': Cornales en Ericales

Het APG III-systeem is een systeem in de plantentaxonomie voor de bedektzadigen. Het is de opvolger van het APG II-systeem. Het APG III-systeem is door de Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) gepubliceerd in het Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society in oktober 2009, 6½ jaar na de publicatie van het APG II-systeem.[1][2][3]

In oktober 2009 stelden leden van het Linnean Society of London een bijbehorende formele fylogenetische stamboom van alle landplanten voor, in overeenstemming met de APG III-classificatie.[4] Dit was nodig omdat botanici en fycologen dikwijls van mening verschilden over de onderorde waaraan de groepen toegewezen zouden moeten worden.

Het APG III-systeem omvat 45 ordes van het APG II-systeem en is uitgebreid met 14 nieuwe. De orde Ceratophyllales al opgenomen in de twee vorige APG-systemen was foutief aangewezen als een nieuwe orde. De nieuw toegevoegde ordes zijn:

Amborellales, Nymphaeales, Chloranthales, Petrosaviales, Trochodendrales, Buxales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Picramniales, Huerteales, Berberidopsidales, Escalloniales, Bruniales en Paracryphiales.

Na het verschijnen van APG III is er, na verder moleculair onderzoek aan 17 genen, een classificatie gepubliceerd in 2011, waarbij aan de verschillende clades een botanische naam is toegekend. De meeste van deze namen waren al eerder gepubliceerd.[5]

Het APG IV-systeem is de opvolger van het APG III-systeem.

Indeling

Taxonomische indeling
APG III (2009) Fylogenetische stamboom van bedektzadigen


→ benoemde clades zijn omlijnd ←

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 105-121. Gearchiveerd op 21 november 2021.
  2. ↑ As easy as APG III - Scientists revise the system of classifying flowering plants. The Linnean Society of London (8 oktober 2009). Gearchiveerd op 26 november 2010. Geraadpleegd op 29 oktober 2009.
  3. ↑ APG III tidies up plant family tree. Horticulture Week (8 oktober 2009). Gearchiveerd op 17 oktober 2017. Geraadpleegd op 29 oktober 2009.
  4. ↑ (en) Chase MW & JL Reveal (2009) A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 161, 122–127. Gearchiveerd op 25 juli 2021.
  5. ↑ Soltis, D.E. e.a. (2011) Angiosperm phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa. Gearchiveerd op 8 januari 2018.

Nieuwe ordes

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Nieuw taxon of nieuwe clade in vergelijking met APG II

Families per orde

  1. ↑ Ongeplaatst: Apodanthaceae Takhtajan (drie geslachten), Cynomoriaceae Endl. ex Lindl. (1833), nom. cons., Gumillea Ruiz et Pav., Petenaea Lundell (mogelijk Malvales), en Nicobariodendron (mogelijk Celastraceae).
  2. ↑ Amborellales 1 familie: Amborellaceae Pichon (1948), nom. cons.
  3. ↑ Nymphaeales families: Cabombaceae Rich. ex A.Rich. (1822), nom. cons., *Hydatellaceae U.Hamann (1976), Nymphaeaceae Salisb. (1805), nom. cons.
  4. ↑ Austrobaileyales families: Austrobaileyaceae Croizat (1943), nom. cons., Schisandraceae Blume (1830), nom. cons. (including Illiciaceae A.C.Sm., nom. cons.), Trimeniaceae L.S.Gibbs (1917), nom. cons.
  5. ↑ Magnoliales families: Annonaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. ,Degeneriaceae I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm. (1942), nom. cons., Eupomatiaceae Orb. (1845), nom. cons., Himantandraceae Diels (1917), nom. cons., Magnoliaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Myristicaceae R.Br. (1810), nom. cons.
  6. ↑ Laurales families: Atherospermataceae R.Br. (1814), Calycanthaceae Lindl. (1819), nom. cons., Gomortegaceae Reiche (1896), nom. cons., Hernandiaceae Blume (1826), nom. cons., Lauraceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Monimiaceae Juss. (1809), nom. cons., Siparunaceae Schodde (1970)
  7. ↑ Piperales families: Aristolochiaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Hydnoraceae C.Agardh (1821), nom. cons., Lactoridaceae Engl. (1888), nom. cons., Piperaceae Giseke (1792), nom. cons., Saururaceae F.Voigt (1811), nom. cons.
  8. ↑ Canellales families: Canellaceae Mart. (1832), nom. cons., Winteraceae R.Br. ex Lindl. (1830), nom. cons.
  9. ↑ Chloranthales 1 familie: Chloranthaceae R.Br. ex Sims (1820), nom. cons.
  10. ↑ Acorales 1 familie: Acoraceae Martinov (1820)
  11. ↑ Alismatales families: §Alismataceae Vent. (1799), nom. cons. (including Limnocharitaceae Takht. ex Cronquist), Aponogetonaceae Planch. (1856), nom. cons., Araceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Butomaceae Mirb. (1804), nom. cons., Cymodoceaceae Vines (1895), nom. cons., Hydrocharitaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Juncaginaceae Rich. (1808), nom. cons., Posidoniaceae Vines (1895), nom. cons., Potamogetonaceae Bercht. & J.Presl (1823), nom. cons., Ruppiaceae Horan. (1834), nom. cons., Scheuchzeriaceae F.Rudolphi (1830), nom. cons., Tofieldiaceae Takht. (1995), Zosteraceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons.
  12. ↑ Petrosaviales 1 familie: Petrosaviaceae Hutch. (1934), nom. cons.
  13. ↑ Dioscoreales families: Burmanniaceae Blume (1827), nom. cons., Dioscoreaceae R.Br. (1810), nom. cons., Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon (1846), Thismiaceae J.Agardh (1858)
  14. ↑ Pandanales families: Cyclanthaceae Poit. ex A.Rich. (1824), nom. cons., Pandanaceae R.Br. (1810), nom. cons., Stemonaceae Caruel (1878), nom. cons., Triuridaceae Gardner (1843), nom. cons., Velloziaceae J.Agardh (1858), nom. cons.
  15. ↑ Liliales families: §Alstroemeriaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons. (including Luzuriagaceae Lotsy), Campynemataceae Dumort. (1829), Colchicaceae DC. (1804), nom. cons., Corsiaceae Becc. (1878), nom. cons., Liliaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh. (1797), nom. cons., *Petermanniaceae Hutch. (1934), nom. cons., Philesiaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., Ripogonaceae Conran & Clifford (1985), Smilacaceae Vent. (1799), nom. cons.
  16. ↑ Asparagales families: Amaryllidaceae J.St.‐Hil., nom. cons. (including Asparagaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. (including Agavaceae Dumort., nom. cons., Aphyllanthaceae Burnett, Hesperocallidaceae Traub, Hyacinthaceae Batsch ex Borkh., Laxmanniaceae Bubani, Ruscaceae M.Roem., nom. cons., Themidaceae Salisb.), Asteliaceae Dumort. (1829), Blandfordiaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford (1985), Boryaceae M.W.Chase, Rudall & Conran (1997), Doryanthaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford (1985), Hypoxidaceae R.Br. (1814), nom. cons., Iridaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Ixioliriaceae Nakai (1943), Lanariaceae R.Dahlgren & A.E.van Wyk (1988), Orchidaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Tecophilaeaceae Leyb. (1862), nom. cons., Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons. (including Asphodelaceae Juss. and Hemerocallidaceae R.Br.), Xeronemataceae M.W.Chase, Rudall & M.F.Fay (2000)
  17. ↑ Arecales families: Arecaceae Bercht. & J.Presl (1820), nom. cons.
  18. ↑ Poales families: Anarthriaceae D.F.Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965), Bromeliaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Centrolepidaceae Endl. (1836), nom. cons., Cyperaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Ecdeiocoleaceae D.F.Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965), Eriocaulaceae Martinov (1820), nom. cons., Flagellariaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C.Sm. (1970), Juncaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Mayacaceae Kunth (1842), nom. cons., Poaceae Barnhart (1895), nom. cons., Rapateaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., Restionaceae R.Br. (1810), nom. cons., Thurniaceae Engl. (1907), nom. cons., §Typhaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. (including Sparganiaceae Hanin, nom. cons.), Xyridaceae C.Agardh (1823), nom. cons.
  19. ↑ Commelinales families: Commelinaceae Mirb. (1804), nom. cons., Haemodoraceae R.Br. (1810), nom. cons., Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw (1965), Philydraceae Link (1821), nom. cons., Pontederiaceae Kunth (1816), nom. cons.
  20. ↑ Zingiberales families: Cannaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Costaceae Nakai (1941), Heliconiaceae Vines (1895), Lowiaceae Ridl. (1924), nom. cons., Marantaceae R.Br. (1814), nom. cons., Musaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Strelitziaceae Hutch. (1934), nom. cons., Zingiberaceae Martinov (1820), nom. cons.
  21. ↑ Ceratophyllales 1 familie: Ceratophyllaceae Gray (1822), nom. cons.
  22. ↑ Ranunculales families: Berberidaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Circaeasteraceae Hutch. (1926), nom. cons. (including Kingdoniaceae Airy Shaw), Eupteleaceae K.Wilh. (1910), nom. cons., Lardizabalaceae R.Br. (1821), nom. cons., Menispermaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Papaveraceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. (including Fumariaceae Marquis, nom. cons.,Pteridophyllaceae Nakai ex Reveal & Hoogland), Ranunculaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Sabiaceae Blume (1851), nom. cons.
  23. ↑ Proteales families: Nelumbonaceae A.Rich. (1827), nom. cons., Platanaceae T.Lestib. (1826), nom. cons., Proteaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons.
  24. ↑ Trochodendrales 1 familie: Trochodendraceae Eichler (1865), nom. cons. (including Tetracentraceae A.C.Sm., nom. cons.).
  25. ↑ Buxales families: Buxaceae Dumort. (1822), nom. cons. (including Didymelaceae Leandri), *Haptanthaceae C.Nelson (2002)
  26. ↑ Gunnerales families: Gunneraceae Meisn. (1842), nom. cons., Myrothamnaceae Nied. (1891), nom. cons., Dilleniaceae Salisb. (1807), nom. cons.
  27. ↑ Saxifragales families: Altingiaceae Horan. (1841), nom. cons., Aphanopetalaceae Doweld (2001), Cercidiphyllaceae Engl. (1907), nom. cons., Crassulaceae J.St.‐Hil. (1805), nom. cons., Daphniphyllaceae Müll.‐Arg. (1869), nom. cons., Grossulariaceae DC. (1805), nom. cons., Haloragaceae R.Br. (1814), nom. cons., Hamamelidaceae R.Br. (1818), nom. cons., Iteaceae J.Agardh (1858), nom. cons. (including Pterostemonaceae Small, nom. cons.), Paeoniaceae Raf. (1815), nom. cons., Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britt. (1901), nom. cons., *§Peridiscaceae Kuhlm. (1950), nom. cons. (including Medusandraceae Brenan, nom. cons., Soyauxia Oliver), Saxifragaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai (1943)
  28. ↑ Vitales 1 familie: Vitaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons.
  29. ↑ Zygophyllales families: Krameriaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., Zygophyllaceae R.Br. (1814), nom. cons.
  30. ↑ Celastrales families: Celastraceae R.Br. (1814), nom. cons. (including Lepuropetalaceae Nakai, Parnassiaceae Martinov, nom. cons., Pottingeriaceae Takht.), Lepidobotryaceae J.Léonard (1950), nom. cons.
  31. ↑ Oxalidales families: Brunelliaceae Engl. (1897), nom. cons., Cephalotaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., Connaraceae R.Br. (1818), nom. cons., Cunoniaceae R.Br. (1814), nom. cons., Elaeocarpaceae Juss. ex DC. (1816), nom. cons., *Huaceae A.Chev. (1947), Oxalidaceae R.Br. (1818), nom. cons.
  32. ↑ Malpighiales families: Achariaceae Harms (1897), nom. cons., Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook.f. (1880), nom. cons., Bonnetiaceae L.Beauvis. ex Nakai (1948), *Calophyllaceae J.Agardh, Caryocaraceae Voigt (1845), nom. cons., *Centroplacaceae Doweld & Reveal (2005), Chrysobalanaceae R.Br. (1818), nom. cons., §Clusiaceae Lindl. (1836), nom. cons., Ctenolophonaceae Exell & Mendonça (1951), Dichapetalaceae Baill. (1886), nom. cons., Elatinaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., §Erythroxylaceae Kunth (1822), nom. cons. (including Aneulophus Benth.), Euphorbiaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Euphroniaceae Marc.‐Berti (1989), Goupiaceae Miers (1862), Humiriaceae A.Juss. (1829), nom. cons., Hypericaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Irvingiaceae Exell & Mendonça (1951), nom. cons., Ixonanthaceae Planch. ex Miq. (1858), nom. cons., Lacistemataceae Mart. (1826), nom. cons., Linaceae DC. ex Perleb (1818), nom. cons., Lophopyxidaceae H.Pfeiff. (1951), Malpighiaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Ochnaceae DC. (1811), nom. cons. (including Medusagynaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons., Quiinaceae Choisy, nom. cons.), Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg (1912–1913), nom. cons., Passifloraceae Juss. ex Roussel (1806), nom. cons. (including Malesherbiaceae D.Don, nom. cons., Turneraceae Kunth ex DC. (1828), nom. cons.), Phyllanthaceae Martinov (1820), nom. cons., Picrodendraceae Small (1917), nom. cons., Podostemaceae Rich. ex Kunth (1816), nom. cons., Putranjivaceae Meisn. (1842), *Rafflesiaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., Rhizophoraceae Pers. (1807), nom. cons., Salicaceae Mirb. (1815), nom. cons., Trigoniaceae A.Juss. (1849), nom. cons., Violaceae Batsch (1802), nom. cons.
  33. ↑ Fabales families: Fabaceae Lindl. (1836), nom. cons.,Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link (1809), nom. cons.,Quillajaceae D.Don (1831), Surianaceae Arn. (1834), nom. cons.
  34. ↑ Rosales families: ,Barbeyaceae Rendle (1916), nom. cons., Cannabaceae Martinov (1820), nom. cons., Dirachmaceae Hutch. (1959), Elaeagnaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Moraceae Gaudich. (1835), nom. cons., Rhamnaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Rosaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Ulmaceae Mirb. (1815), nom. cons., Urticaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons.
  35. ↑ Fagales families: Betulaceae Gray (1822), nom. cons., Casuarinaceae R.Br. (1814), nom. cons., Fagaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., §Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb (1818), nom. cons. (including Rhoipteleaceae Hand.‐Mazz. (1932), nom. cons.), Myricaceae A.Rich. ex Kunth (1817), nom. cons., Nothofagaceae Kuprian (1962), Ticodendraceae Gómez‐Laur. & L.D.Gómez (1991)
  36. ↑ Cucurbitales families: Anisophylleaceae Ridl. (1922), Begoniaceae C.Agardh (1824), nom. cons., Coriariaceae DC. (1824), nom. cons., Corynocarpaceae Engl. (1897), nom. cons., Cucurbitaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Datiscaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., Tetramelaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
  37. ↑ Geraniales families: Geraniaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. (including Hypseocharitaceae Wedd.), Melianthaceae Horan. (1834), nom. cons. (including Francoaceae A.Juss., nom. cons.), §Vivianiaceae Klotzsch, nom. cons. prop. (including Ledocarpaceae Meyen)
  38. ↑ Myrtales families: Alzateaceae S.A.Graham (1985), Combretaceae R.Br. (1810), nom. cons., Crypteroniaceae A.DC. (1868), nom. cons., Lythraceae J.St.‐Hil. (1805), nom. cons., Melastomataceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. (including Memecylaceae DC., nom. cons.), §Myrtaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. (including Heteropyxidaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons., Psiloxylaceae Croizat), Onagraceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., §Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill. (1828), nom. cons. (including Oliniaceae Arn., nom. cons., Rhynchocalycaceae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs), Vochysiaceae A.St.‐Hil. (1820), nom. cons.
  39. ↑ Crossosomatalesfamilies: *Aphloiaceae Takht. (1985), Crossosomataceae Engl. (1897), nom. cons., *Geissolomataceae A.DC. (1856), *Guamatelaceae S.Oh & D.Potter (2006), Stachyuraceae J.Agardh (1858), nom. cons., Staphyleaceae Martinov (1820), nom. cons., *§Strasburgeriaceae Soler. (1908), nom. cons. (including Ixerbaceae Griseb. ex Doweld & Reveal)
  40. ↑ Picramniales 1 familie: *Picramniaceae Fernando & Quinn (1995)
  41. ↑ Sapindales families: Anacardiaceae R.Br. (1818), nom. cons., Biebersteiniaceae Schnizl. (1856), Burseraceae Kunth (1824), nom. cons., Kirkiaceae Takht. (1967), Meliaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Nitrariaceae Lindl. (1835), nom. cons. (including Peganaceae Tiegh. ex Takht., Tetradiclidaceae Takht.), Rutaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Sapindaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Simaroubaceae DC. (1811), nom. cons.
  42. ↑ Huerteales families: *Dipentodontaceae Merr. (1941), nom. cons., *Gerrardinaceae Alford (2006), Tapisciaceae Takht. (1987)
  43. ↑ Brassicales families: Akaniaceae Stapf (1912), nom. cons. (including Bretschneideraceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.), Bataceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838), nom. cons., §Brassicaceae Burnett (1835), nom. cons., *Capparaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Caricaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., *Cleomaceae Bercht. & J.Presl (1825), Emblingiaceae J.Agardh (1958), Gyrostemonaceae A.Juss. (1845), nom. cons., Koeberliniaceae Engl. (1895), nom. cons., Limnanthaceae R.Br. (1833), nom. cons., Moringaceae Martinov (1820), nom. cons., Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel (1928), Resedaceae Martinov (1820), nom. cons., Salvadoraceae Lindl. (1836), nom. cons., Setchellanthaceae Iltis (1999), Tovariaceae Pax (1891), nom. cons., Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC. (1824), nom. cons.
  44. ↑ Malvales families: Bixaceae Kunth (1822), nom. cons. (including Cochlospermaceae Planch., nom. cons., Diegodendraceae Capuron), Cistaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., *Cytinaceae A.Rich. (1824), Dipterocarpaceae Blume (1825), nom. cons., Malvaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Muntingiaceae C.Bayer, M.W.Chase & M.F.Fay (1998), Neuradaceae Kostel. (1835), nom. cons., Sarcolaenaceae Caruel (1881), nom. cons., Sphaerosepalaceae Tiegh. ex Bullock (1959), Thymelaeaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons.
  45. ↑ Berberidopsidales families: Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg (1920), nom. cons., Berberidopsidaceae Takht. (1985)
  46. ↑ Santalales families: *Balanophoraceae Rich. (1822), nom. cons., Loranthaceae Juss. (1808), nom. cons., Misodendraceae J.Agardh (1858), nom. cons., Santalaceae R.Br. (1810), nom. cons., Olacaceae R.Br. (1818), nom. cons., Opiliaceae Valeton (1886), nom. cons., *Schoepfiaceae Blume (1850)
  47. ↑ Caryophyllales families: Achatocarpaceae Heimerl (1934), nom. cons., Aizoaceae Martinov (1820), nom. cons., Amaranthaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., *Anacampserotaceae Eggli & Nyffeler (2010, in press), Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp. (1851), nom. cons., Asteropeiaceae Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990), Barbeuiaceae Nakai (1942), Basellaceae Raf. (1837), nom. cons., Cactaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Caryophyllaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., §Didiereaceae Radlk. (1896), nom. cons., Dioncophyllaceae Airy Shaw (1952), nom. cons., Droseraceae Salisb. (1808), nom. cons., Drosophyllaceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnička (1989), Frankeniaceae Desv. (1817), nom. cons., Gisekiaceae Nakai (1942), Halophytaceae A.Soriano (1984), *Limeaceae Shipunov ex Reveal (2005), *Lophiocarpaceae Doweld & Reveal (2008), §Molluginaceae Bartl. (1825), nom. cons., *Montiaceae Raf. (1820), Nepenthaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., Nyctaginaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Physenaceae Takht. (1985), Phytolaccaceae R.Br. (1818), nom. cons., Plumbaginaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Polygonaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., §Portulacaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Rhabdodendraceae Prance (1968), Sarcobataceae Behnke (1997), Simmondsiaceae Tiegh. (1900), Stegnospermataceae Nakai (1942), *Talinaceae Doweld (2001), Tamaricaceae Link (1821), nom. cons.
  48. ↑ Cornales families: Cornaceae Bercht. & J.Presl (1825), nom. cons. (including Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort.), Curtisiaceae Takht. (1987), Grubbiaceae Endl. ex Meisn., (1841), nom. cons., Hydrangeaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., Hydrostachyaceae Engl. (1894), nom. cons., Loasaceae Juss. (1804), nom. cons.
  49. ↑ Ericales families: Actinidiaceae Engl. & Gilg. (1824), nom. cons., Balsaminaceae A.Rich. (1824), nom. cons., Clethraceae Klotzsch (1851), nom. cons., Cyrillaceae Lindl. (1846), nom. cons., Diapensiaceae Lindl. (1836), nom. cons., Ebenaceae Gürke (1891), nom. cons., Ericaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Fouquieriaceae DC. (1828), nom. cons., Lecythidaceae A.Rich. (1825), nom. cons., Marcgraviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl (1820), nom. cons., *Mitrastemonaceae Makino (1911), nom. cons., Pentaphylacaceae Engl. (1897), nom. cons. (including Ternstroemiaceae Mirb. ex DC.), Polemoniaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., §Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh. (1797), nom. cons. (including Maesaceae Anderb., B.Ståhl & Källersjö, Myrsinaceae R.Br., nom. cons., Theophrastaceae G.Don, nom. cons.), Roridulaceae Martinov (1820), nom. cons., Sapotaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Sarraceniaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., Sladeniaceae Airy Shaw (1965), Styracaceae DC. & Spreng. (1821), nom. cons., Symplocaceae Desf. (1820), nom. cons., Tetrameristaceae Hutch. (1959) (including Pellicieraceae L.Beauvis.), Theaceae Mirb. ex Ker Gawl. (1816), nom. cons.
  50. ↑ Garryales families: Eucommiaceae Engl. (1907), nom. cons., Garryaceae Lindl. (1834), nom. cons. (including Aucubaceae Bercht. & J.Presl)
  51. ↑ Gentianales families: Apocynaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Gelsemiaceae Struwe & V.A.Albert (1995), Gentianaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Loganiaceae R.Br. ex Mart. (1827), nom. cons., Rubiaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons.
  52. ↑ Lamiales families: §Acanthaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Bignoniaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Byblidaceae Domin (1922), nom. cons., Calceolariaceae Olmstead (2001), Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw (1965), Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss. (1816), nom. cons., Lamiaceae Martinov (1820), nom. cons., *Linderniaceae Borsch, K.Müll., & Eb.Fisch. (2005), Lentibulariaceae Rich. (1808), nom. cons., Martyniaceae Horan. (1847), nom. cons., Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link (1809), nom. cons., Orobanchaceae Vent. (1799), nom. cons., Paulowniaceae Nakai (1949), Pedaliaceae R.Br. (1810), nom. cons., Phrymaceae Schauer (1847), nom. cons., §Plantaginaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Plocospermataceae Hutch. (1973), Schlegeliaceae Reveal (1996), Scrophulariaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Stilbaceae Kunth (1831), nom. cons., Tetrachondraceae Wettst. (1924), *Thomandersiaceae Sreem. (1977), Verbenaceae J.St.‐Hil. (1805), nom. cons.
  53. ↑ Solanales families: Convolvulaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Hydroleaceae R.Br. ex Edwards (1821), Montiniaceae Nakai (1943), nom. cons., Solanaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Sphenocleaceae T.Baskerv. (1839), nom. cons.
  54. ↑ Aquifoliales families: Aquifoliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl (1820), nom. cons., §Cardiopteridaceae Blume (1847), nom. cons. (including Leptaulaceae Tiegh.) Leptaulus Benth., previously unplaced, is assigned to Cardiopteridaceae (Kårehed, 2001)., Helwingiaceae Decne. (1836), Phyllonomaceae Small (1905), Stemonuraceae Kårehed (2001)
  55. ↑ Escalloniales families: §Escalloniaceae R.Br. ex Dumort. (1829), nom. cons. (including Eremosynaceae Dandy, Polyosmaceae Blume, Tribelaceae Airy Shaw)
  56. ↑ Asterales families: Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw (1965), Argophyllaceae Takht. (1987), Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl (1820), nom. cons., Calyceraceae R.Br. ex Rich. (1820), nom. cons., Campanulaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. (including Lobeliaceae Juss., nom. cons), Goodeniaceae R.Br. (1810), nom. cons., Menyanthaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons., Pentaphragmataceae J.Agardh (1858), nom. cons., Phellinaceae Takht. (1967), Rousseaceae DC. (1839), Stylidiaceae R.Br. (1810), nom. cons. (including Donatiaceae B.Chandler, nom. cons.)
  57. ↑ Bruniales families: Bruniaceae R.Br. ex DC. (1825), nom. cons., §Columelliaceae D.Don (1828), nom. cons. (including Desfontainiaceae Endl., nom. cons.)
  58. ↑ Apiales families: Apiaceae Lindl. (1836), nom. cons., Araliaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons., Griseliniaceae J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. ex A.Cunn. (1839), Myodocarpaceae Doweld (2001), Pennantiaceae J.Agardh (1858), Pittosporaceae R.Br. (1814), nom. cons., §Torricelliaceae Hu (1934) (including Aralidiaceae Philipson & B.C.Stone, Melanophyllaceae Takht. ex Airy Shaw)
  59. ↑ Dipsacales families: Adoxaceae E.Mey. (1839), nom. cons., §Caprifoliaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. (including Diervillaceae Pyck, Dipsacaceae Juss., nom. cons., Linnaeaceae Backlund, Morinaceae Raf., Valerianaceae Batsch, nom. cons.)
  60. ↑ Paracryphiales 1 familie: §Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw (1965) (including *Quintiniaceae Doweld, Sphenostemonaceae P.Royen & Airy Shaw (1972))

Literatuur

  • Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 (and more or less continuously updated since)

APG I

  • The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998). APG 1988. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden 85: 531-553
  • The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998) APG 1988. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants.

APG II

  • The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II
  • The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 399-436
  • The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II
  • B. Bremer, K. Bremer, M. W. Chase, J. L. Reveal, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis, P. F. Stevens, A. A. Anderberg, M. F. Fay, P. Goldblatt, W. S. Judd, M. Källersjö, J. Kårehed, K. A. Kron, J. Lundberg, D. L. Nickrent, R. G. Olmstead, B. Oxelmann, J. C. Pires, J. R. Rodman, P. J. Rudall, V. Savolainen, K. J. Sytsma, M. van der Bank, K. Wurdack, J Q.-Y. Xiang, and S. Zmartzy. (2003) The update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141:399-436.

APG III

  • The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105-121
  • The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 105-121. pdf
  • Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2009) Press Release. As easy as APG III - Scientists revise the system of classifying flowering plants
  • Horticulture Week (2009) APG III tidies up plant family tree
  • Soltis, D.E. e.a. (2011) Angiosperm phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa
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