Constantine II od Škotske

Constantine II

kralj Albe
Vladavina	900–943
Prethodnik	Donald II
Nasljednik	Malcolm I

Potomstvo	Indulf, kralj Albe Cellach jedna ili više kćeri
Kuća	Alpin
Otac	Áed, kralj Pikta
Rođen/a	prije 879
Umro/la	952 St Andrews

Constantine, sin Áedov (srednjovjekovni gelski: Constantín mac Áeda; moderni gelski: Còiseam mac Aoidh, navođen u većini modernih popisa kraljeva koa Constantine II; prije 879–952) bio je rani kralj Škotske, koja je u njegovo vrijeme bila poznata pod gelskim imenom Alba. Izraz Kraljevina Alba, koja se pod tim imenom prvi put javlja za Constantinova života, bila je smještena na sjever Britanije. Jezgro su joj bile zemlje oko rijeke Tay. Južna granica je bila rijeka Forth, sjeverna fjord Moray Firth a možda Caithness, dok zapadne granice nisu poznate. Constantineov djed Kenneth I od Škotske (Cináed mac Ailpín, u. 858) bio je prvi član porodice koji se spominje kao kralj, ali kralj Pikta. Ova promjena titule, od kralja Pikta do kralja Albe se smatra dijelom transformacije nekadašnje piktske u srednjovjekovnu škotsku državu, koja se dogodila upravo za vrijeme Constantineove vladavine.

Njegovu vladavinu, kao i vladavinu njegovih predaka, obilježili su napadi Vikinga, odnosno vikinških vladara na Britanskom Otočju, posebno klana Uí Ímair ("unuci Ímara" ili Ivara Beskosnog). Za vrijeme Constantineova vladavine su južna kraljevstva Wessex i Mercija, kasnije Kraljevina Engleska, proširile svoju vlast na sjever, odnosno kraljevinu Northumbrija. Constantine je na početku bio saveznik južnih kraljevstava protiv Vikinga, ali se s vremenom sukobio. Kralj Æthelstan je uspio od Constantinea učiniti vazala 927. i 934. godine, ali su potom došli u sukob kada je Constantine, u savezu sa strathclydeskim Britima i vikinškim kraljem Dublina, napao Æthelstanovo kraljevstvo 937. godine te bio poražen u velikoj bitci kod Brunaburha. Godine 943. je Constantine abdicirao te se povukao u samostan Céli Dé (Culdee) u St Andrewsu gdje je umro 952. Naslijedio ga je prethodnikov sin Malcolm I (Máel Coluim mac Domnaill).

Constantineova vladavina od 43 godina, koju je po dužini u historiji Škotske nadmašila samo ona kralja Williama Lava prije Unije kruna 1603. godine, je po mišljenju mnogih bila ključni faktor u gelicizaciji Pikta, kao i zaštitništvo nad irskim samostanskim reformatorima iz Céli Déa. Za vrijeme njegove vladavine riječi "Škoti" i "Škotska" (staroengleski: Scottas, Scotland) su se prvi put koristili za današnju Škotsku. Iz njegovog doba potiču dokazi u crkvenim i administrativnim institucijama koje će postojati sve do Davidijanske revolucije.

Izvori

Literatura

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Kraljevske titule
Constantine II od Škotske Kuća Alpin Rođen/a: prije 879 Umro/la: 952
Prethodi: Donald II	kralj Albe 900–943	Slijedi: Malcolm I

Engleski, škotski i britanski vladari

Vladari Engleske do 1603.	Vladari Škotske do 1603.

Alfred Veliki Edward Stariji Ælfweard Æthelstan Edmund I Eadred Eadwig Edgar Miroljubivi Edward Mučenik Æthelred Nespremni Sweyn Edmund Željeznoboki Cnut Harold I Harthacnut Edward Ispovjednik Harold Godwinson Edgar Ætheling William Osvajač William II Henry I Stephen Matilda Henry II Henry Mladi Richard I John Henry III Edward I Edward II Edward III Richard II Henry IV Henry V Henry VI Edward IV Edward V Richard III Henry VII Henry VIII Edward VI Jane Grey Mary I i Philip Elizabeth I	Kenneth I MacAlpin Donald I Constantine I Áed Giric i Eochaid Donald II Constantine II Malcolm I Indulf Dub Cuilén Amlaíb Kenneth II Constantine III Kenneth III Malcolm II Duncan I Macbeth Lulach Malcolm III Donald III Duncan II Edgar Alexander I David I Malcolm IV William I Alexander II Alexander III Margaret John Robert I David II Edward Balliol Robert II Robert III James I James II James III James IV James V Mary I James VI

Vladari Engleske i Škotske nakon Unije Kruna iz 1603.
James I i VI Charles I Charles II James II i VII William III i II i Mary II Anne

Britanski vladari nakon Zakona o uniji iz 1707.
Anne George I George II George III George IV William IV Victoria Edward VII George V Edward VIII George VI Elizabeth II Charles III