Istorija Gvajane

Zapisana istorija Gvajane se može datirati od 1499, kada je prva ekspedicija Alonsa de Ohede stigla iz Španije na reku Esekibo. Istorija Gvajane oblikovana je učešćem mnogih nacionalnih i etničkih grupa, kao i kolonijalnom politikom Španaca, Francuza, Holanđana^[1] i Britanaca. Pobune afričkih robova 1763. i 1823. godine bile su presudni trenuci u istoriji nacije. Afrikanci su bili porobljeni i prevezeni u Gvajanu kao robovi; za razliku od toga, istočni Indijanci su bili najamni radnici. Noviju istoriju Gvajane naročito karakteriše borba za oslobađanje od kolonijalne vladavine i dugotrajne posledice kolonijalizma.

Dana 26. maja 1966. Gvajana je stekla nezavisnost od Britanije.^[2]

Prekolonijalna Gvajana i prvi kontakti

Prvi ljudi koji su stigli do Gvajane došli su iz Azije, verovatno još pre 35.0000 godina. Ovi prvi stanovnici bili su nomadi koji su polako migrirali na jug u Centralnu i Južnu Ameriku. Iako su se u Americi kasnije pojavile velike civilizacije, struktura američkog indijanskog društva u Gvajani ostala je relativno jednostavna. U vreme putovanja Kristofora Kolumba, stanovnici Gvajane bili su podeljeni u dve grupe, Aravaci uz obalu i Karibi u unutrašnjosti. Jedna od zaostavština starosedilačkih naroda bila je reč Gvajana, koja se često koristila za opisivanje regiona koji obuhvata modernu Gvajanu, kao i Surinam (bivšu Holandska Gvajana) i Francusku Gvajanu. Reč, koja znači „zemlja voda”, je pogodna s obzirom na mnoštvo reka i potoka na tom području.

Istoričari nagađaju da su Aravaci i Karibi formirani u unutrašnjosti Južne Amerike i da su migrirali na sever, prvo u današnju Gvajanu, a potom na Karibska ostrva. Aravaci, uglavnom kultivatori, lovci i ribolovci, migrirali su na Karibska ostrva pre Kariba i nastanili su se širom regiona. Spokoj Aravačkog društva poremetio je dolazak ratobornih Kariba iz južnoameričke unutrašnjosti. Ratno ponašanje Kariba i njihova nasilna migracija na sever ostavili su jasne tragove. Do kraja 15. veka Karibi su zamenili Aravake na ostrvima Malih Antila. Karibsko naselje Malih Antila uticalo je i na budući razvoj Gvajane. Španski istraživači i doseljenici koji su došli nakon Kolumba otkrili su da je Aravake lakše pokoriti nego Karibe, koji se žestoko borili da održe svoju nezavisnost. Ovaj žestok otpor, uz nedostatak zlata na Malim Antilima, doprineo je španskom stavljanju naglaska na osvajanja i naseljavanja Velikih Antila i kopna. Španci su uložili malo napora na konsolidaciji vlasti Španije na Malim Antilima (sa izuzetikom Trinidada) i Gvajanama.

Reference

^ „LAS VEGAS SANDS CORP., a Nevada corporation, Plaintiff, v. UKNOWN REGISTRANTS OF www.wn0000.com, www.wn1111.com, www.wn2222.com, www.wn3333.com, www.wn4444.com, www.wn5555.com, www.wn6666.com, www.wn7777.com, www.wn8888.com, www.wn9999.com, www.112211.com, www.4456888.com, www.4489888.com, www.001148.com, and www.2289888.com, Defendants.”. Gaming Law Review and Economics. 20 (10): 859—868. decembar 2016. ISSN 1097-5349. doi:10.1089/glre.2016.201011.
^ „Independence granted to guyana”.

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