John Ambrose Fleming

John Ambrose Fleming
John Ambrose Fleming
Nascimento 29 de novembro de 1849
Lancaster
Morte 18 de abril de 1945 (95 anos)
Sidmouth
Nacionalidade inglês
Cidadania Reino Unido
Alma mater University College London, Imperial College London
Ocupação inventor, físico, professor universitário, engenheiro eletrotécnico
Prêmios Medalha Hughes (1910), Medalha Faraday (1928), Medalha Duddell (1930), Medalha de Honra IEEE (1933), Medalha Franklin (1935), Medalha de Ouro Kelvin (1935)
Empregador(a) University College London, Universidade de Nottingham
Orientador(a)(es/s) Frederick Guthrie
Orientado(a)(s) Harold Barlow
Instituições University College London, Universidade de Nottingham, Universidade de Cambridge, General Electric
Campo(s) física
Título Knight Bachelor
[edite no Wikidata]

John Ambrose Fleming (Lancaster, 29 de novembro de 1849 — Sidmouth, Devon, 18 de abril de 1945) foi um engenheiro elétrico e físico inglês que inventou a primeira válvula termiônica ou tubo de vácuo, projetou o transmissor de rádio com o qual a primeira transmissão de rádio transatlântica foi feita, e também estabeleceu a regra da mão direita usada na física.[1][2]

Vida

Ele era o mais velho de sete filhos de James Fleming (falecido em 1879), um ministro congregacional, e sua esposa Mary Ann, em Lancaster, Lancashire, e batizado em 11 de fevereiro de 1850. Um cristão devoto, ele uma vez pregou em St Martin-in-the-Fields em Londres em evidência para a ressurreição.

Em 1932, ele e Douglas Dewar e Bernard Acworth ajudaram a estabelecer o Movimento de Protesto da Evolução (uma organização criacionista britânica que reivindica o título de "o movimento criacionista mais antigo do mundo"). Fleming legou grande parte de sua propriedade para instituições de caridade cristãs, especialmente para os pobres. Ele era um fotógrafo notável, pintava aquarelas e gostava de escalar os Alpes.[1][2]

Livros

  • Electric Lamps and Electric Lighting: A course of four lectures on electric illumination delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain (1894) 228 paginas, OCLC 8202914.
  • The Alternate Current Transformer in Theory and Practice "The Electrician" Printing and Publishing Company (1896)
  • Magnets and Electric Currents E. & F. N. Spon. (1898)
  • A Handbook for the Electrical Laboratory and Testing Room "The Electrician" Printing and Publishing Company (1901)
  • Waves and Ripples in Water, Air, and Aether MacMillan (1902).
  • The Evidence of Things Not Seen Christian Knowledge Society: Londres (1904)
  • The Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy (1906), Longmans Green, London, 671 paginas.[3]
  • The Propagation of Electric Currents in Telephone and Telegraph Conductors (1908) Constable, 316 pages.
  • An Elementary Manual of Radiotelegraphy and Radiotelephony (1911) Longmans Green, London, 340 pages.
  • On the power factor and conductivity of dielectrics when tested with alternating electric currents of telephonic frequency at various temperatures (1912) Gresham, 82 paginas, ASIN: B0008CJBIC
  • The Wonders of Wireless Telegraphy: Explained in simple terms for the non-technical reader Society for promoting Christian Knowledge (1913)
  • The Wireless Telegraphist's Pocket Book of Notes, Formulae and Calculations The Wireless Press (1915)
  • The Thermionic Valve and its Development in Radio Telegraphy and Telephony (1919).
  • Fifty Years of Electricity The Wireless Press (1921)
  • Electrons, Electric Waves and Wireless telephony The Wireless Press (1923)
  • Introduction to Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd. (1924)
  • Mercury-arc Rectifiers and Mercury-vapour Lamps London. Pitman (1925)
  • The Electrical Educator (3 volumes), The New Era Publishing Co Ltd (1927)
  • Memories of a Scientific life Marshall, Morgan & Scott (1934)
  • Evolution or Creation? (1938) Marshall Morgan and Scott, 114 pages, ASIN: B00089BL7Y – esboça objeções a Darwin.
  • Mathematics for Engineers George Newnes Ltd (1938)

Referências

  1. a b Harr, Chris (23 de junho de 2003). «Ambrose J. Fleming biography». Pioneers of Computing. The History of Computing Project. Consultado em 30 de abril de 2008 
  2. a b «Right and left hand rules». Tutorials, Magnet Lab U. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. Consultado em 30 de abril de 2008 
  3. Buckingham, James Silk; Sterling, John; Maurice, Frederick Denison; Stebbing, Henry; Dilke, Charles Wentworth; Hervey, Thomas Kibble; Dixon, William Hepworth; MacColl, Norman; Rendall, Vernon Horace; Murry, John Middleton (28 de março de 1908). «Review: The Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy by J. A. Fleming». The Athenaeum (4196): 386–387 

Ligações externas

  • Media relacionados com John Ambrose Fleming no Wikimedia Commons
  • Obras de John Ambrose Fleming (em inglês) no Projeto Gutenberg
  • Obras de ou sobre John Ambrose Fleming no Internet Archive
  • Mitchell, John; Griffiths, Hugh; Boyd, Ian (2006). Sarkar, Tapan; Mailloux, Robert; Oliner, Arthur; Salaza-Palma, Magdalena; Sengupta, Dipak, eds. History of Wireless. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 311–326. ISBN 0-471-71814-9 
  • IEEE History Center biography
  • Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, UCL – home of the original Fleming valve
  • 100 Years of Electronics 2004 – The Centenary of the Fleming Valve
  • Life and Times of Ambrose Fleming


Precedido por
Richard Glazebrook
Medalha Hughes
1910
Sucedido por
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
Precedido por
Arthur Edwin Kennelly
Medalha de Honra IEEE
1933
Sucedido por
Stanford Caldwell Hooper
Precedido por
Irving Langmuir e Henry Norris Russell
Medalha Franklin
1935
com Albert Einstein
Sucedido por
Frank Baldwin Jewett e Charles Kettering


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1902: Joseph John Thomson 1903: Johann Wilhelm Hittorf 1904: Joseph Wilson Swan 1905: Augusto Righi 1906: Hertha Marks Ayrton 1907: Ernest Howard Griffiths 1908: Eugen Goldstein 1909: Richard Glazebrook 1910: John Ambrose Fleming 1911: Charles Thomson Rees Wilson 1912: William Duddell 1913: Alexander Graham Bell 1914: John Sealy Townsend 1915: Paul Langevin 1916: Elihu Thomson 1917: Charles Glover Barkla 1918: Irving Langmuir 1919: Charles Chree 1920: Owen Willans Richardson 1921: Niels Bohr 1922: Francis William Aston 1923: Robert Andrews Millikan 1924: — 1925: Frank Edward Smith 1926: Henry Bradwardine Jackson 1927: William David Coolidge 1928: Maurice de Broglie 1929: Hans Geiger 1930: Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman 1931: William Lawrence Bragg 1932: James Chadwick 1933: Edward Appleton 1934: Karl Siegbahn 1935: Clinton Davisson 1936: Walter Hermann Schottky 1937: Ernest Lawrence 1938: John Cockcroft e Ernest Walton 1939: George Paget Thomson 1940: Arthur Holly Compton 1941: Nevill Francis Mott 1942: Enrico Fermi 1943: Marcus Oliphant 1944: George Finch 1945: Basil Schonland 1946: John Randall 1947: Frédéric Joliot-Curie 1948: Robert Watson-Watt 1949: Cecil Powell 1950: Max Born 1951: Hendrik Anthony Kramers 1952: Philip Dee 1953: Edward Bullard 1954: Martin Ryle 1955: Harrie Massey 1956: Frederick Lindemann 1957: Joseph Proudman 1958: Edward Andrade 1959: Brian Pippard 1960: Joseph Pawsey 1961: Alan Cottrell 1962: Brebis Bleaney 1963: Frederic Calland Williams 1964: Abdus Salam 1965: Denys Wilkinson 1966: Nicholas Kemmer 1967: Kurt Mendelssohn 1968: Freeman Dyson 1969: Nicholas Kurti 1970: David Bates 1971: Robert Hanbury Brown 1972: Brian David Josephson 1973: Peter Hirsch 1974: Peter Fowler 1975: Richard Dalitz 1976: Stephen Hawking 1977: Antony Hewish 1978: William Cochran 1979: Robert Williams 1980: Francis Farley 1981: Peter Higgs, Tom Kibble 1982: Drummond Hoyle Matthews e Frederick Vine 1983: John Clive Ward 1984: Roy Kerr 1985: Tony Skyrme 1986: Michael Woolfson 1987: Michael Pepper 1988: Archibald Howie e Michael John Whelan 1989: John Stewart Bell 1990: Thomas George Cowling 1991: Philip Burton Moon 1992: Michael Seaton 1993: George Isaak 1994: Robert G. Chambers 1995: David Shoenberg 1996: Amyand Buckingham 1997: Andrew Lang 1998: Raymond Hide 1999: Alexander Boksenberg 2000: Chintamani Rao 2001: John Pethica 2002: Alexander Dalgarno 2003: Peter Edwards 2004: John Clarke 2005: Keith Moffatt 2006: Michael Kelly 2007: Artur Ekert 2008: Michele Dougherty 2010: Andre Geim 2011: Matthew Rosseinsky 2013: Henning Sirringhaus 2015: George Efstathiou 2017: Peter Bruce 2018: James Durrant 2019: Andrew Cooper 2020: Clare Grey

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1922: Oliver Heaviside · 1923: Charles Algernon Parsons · 1924: Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti · 1925: Joseph John Thomson · 1926: Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton · 1927: Elihu Thomson · 1928: John Ambrose Fleming · 1929: Guido Semenza · 1930: Ernest Rutherford · 1931: Charles Hesterman Merz · 1932: Oliver Lodge · 1934: Frank Edward Smith · 1935: Frank Baldwin Jewett · 1936: William Henry Bragg · 1937: André Blondel · 1938: John Snell · 1939: William David Coolidge · 1940: Alexander Russell · 1941: Arthur Percy Morris Fleming · 1942: Pyotr Kapitsa · 1943: Archibald Page · 1944: Irving Langmuir · 1945: Clifford Paterson · 1946: Edward Appleton · 1947: Leonard Pearce · 1948: Marcus Oliphant · 1949: Charles Samuel Franklin · 1950: James Chadwick · 1951: Thomas Eckersley · 1952: Ernest Lawrence · 1953: A. Stanley Angwin · 1954: Isaac Shoenberg · 1955: John Cockcroft · 1956: G. W. O. Howe · 1957: Waldemar Borgquist · 1958: Gordon Radley · 1959: Luigi Emmannueli · 1960: George Paget Thomson · 1961: Julius Adams Stratton · 1962: Basil Schonland · 1963: P. M. J. Ailleret · 1964: Joseph Ronald Mortlock · 1965: Vladimir Zworykin · 1966: John Ashworth Ratcliffe · 1967: Harold Barlow · 1968: Leslie Herbert Bedford · 1969: Phillip Sporn · 1970: Charles William Oatley · 1971: Martin Ryle · 1972: Frederic Calland Williams · 1973: Nevill Francis Mott · 1974: G. Millington · 1975: John Millar Meek · 1976: Thomas O. Paine · 1977: John Adams · 1978: E. Friedlander · 1979: Robert Noyce · 1980: Eric Ash · 1981: Maurice Vincent Wilkes · 1982: Brian David Josephson · 1983: W. A. Gambling · 1984: Alexander Lamb Cullen · 1985: C. A. R. Hoare · 1986: E. D. R. Shearman · 1987: David Davies · 1988: Cyril Hilsum · 1989: Charles Kao · 1990: Peter Lawrenson · 1991: Alan Rudge · 1992: L. Solymar · 1993: Alexander MacFarlane · 1994: John Parnaby · 1995: John David Rhodes · 1996: S. C. Miller · 1997: John Midwinter · 1998: Roger Needham · 1999: P. A. McKeown · 2000: Michael Brady · 2001: Chris Harris · 2002: Robin Saxby · 2003: Richard Friend · 2004: Peter Grant · 2005: Azim Premji · 2006: John McCanny · 2007: Steve Furber · 2008: Josef Kittler · 2009: Martin Sweeting · 2010: Donal Bradley · 2011: Donald Knuth · 2012: Leonardo Chiariglione · 2013: Michael Pepper · 2014: Chris Toumazou · 2015: Kees Schouhamer Immink · 2016: Andy Harter · 2017: Bjarne Stroustrup · 2018: não concedida · 2019: Peter Knight 2020: Bashir Al-Hashimi 2021: John E E Fleming

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1917–1925

1917: Edwin Armstrong  · 1919: Ernst Alexanderson  · 1920: Guglielmo Marconi  · 1921: Reginald Fessenden  · 1922: Lee De Forest  · 1923: John Stone Stone  · 1924: Michael Pupin

1926–1950

1926: Greenleaf Whittier Pickard  · 1927: Louis Winslow Austin  · 1928: Jonathan Zenneck  · 1929: George Washington Pierce  · 1930: Peder Oluf Pedersen  · 1931: Gustave-Auguste Ferrié  · 1932: Arthur Edwin Kennelly  · 1933: John Ambrose Fleming  · 1934: Stanford Caldwell Hooper  · 1935: Balthasar van der Pol  · 1936: George Ashley Campbell  · 1937: Melville Eastham  · 1938: John Howard Dellinger  · 1939: Albert G. Lee  · 1940: Lloyd Espenschied  · 1941: Alfred Norton Goldsmith  · 1942: Albert Hoyt Taylor  · 1943: William Wilson  · 1944: Haraden Pratt  · 1945: Harold Henry Beverage  · 1946: Ralph Hartley  · 1948: Lawrence Christopher Frank Horle  · 1949: Ralph Bown  · 1950: Frederick Terman

1951–1975

1951: Vladimir Zworykin  · 1952: Walter Ransom Gail Baker  · 1953: John Milton Miller  · 1954: William Littell Everitt  · 1955: Harald Trap Friis  · 1956: John Vincent Lawless Hogan  · 1957: Julius Adams Stratton  · 1958: Albert Hull  · 1959: Emory Leon Chaffee  · 1960: Harry Nyquist  · 1961: Ernst Guillemin  · 1962: Edward Appleton  · 1963: George Clark Southworth  · 1964: Harold Alden Wheeler  · 1966: Claude Shannon  · 1967: Charles Hard Townes  · 1968: Gordon Kidd Teal  · 1969: Edward Ginzton  · 1970: Dennis Gabor  · 1971: John Bardeen  · 1972: Jay Wright Forrester  · 1973: Rudolf Kompfner  · 1974: Rudolf Kalman  · 1975: John Robinson Pierce

1976–2000

1977: Henry Earle Vaughan  · 1978: Robert Noyce  · 1979: Richard Bellman  · 1980: William Bradford Shockley  · 1981: Sidney Darlington  · 1982: John Tukey  · 1983: Nicolaas Bloembergen  · 1984: Norman Foster Ramsey  · 1985: John Roy Whinnery  · 1986: Jack Kilby  · 1987: Paul Christian Lauterbur  · 1988: Calvin Quate  · 1989: Chandra Kumar Patel  · 1990: Robert Gray Gallager  · 1991: Leo Esaki  · 1992: Amos Edward Joel  · 1993: Karl Johan Åström  · 1994: Alfred Yi Cho  · 1995: Lotfali Askar-Zadeh  · 1996: Robert Metcalfe  · 1997: George Heilmeier  · 1998: Donald Pederson  · 1999: Charles Concordia  · 2000: Andrew Grove

2001–atualidade

2001: Herwig Kogelnik  · 2002: Herbert Kroemer  · 2003: Nick Holonyak  · 2004: Tadahiro Sekimoto  · 2005: James Flanagan  · 2006: James Meindl  · 2007: Thomas Kailath  · 2008: Gordon Moore  · 2009: Robert Heath Dennard  · 2010: Andrew Viterbi  · 2011: Morris Chang  · 2012: John LeRoy Hennessy  · 2013: Irwin Mark Jacobs  · 2014: Jayant Baliga  · 2015: Mildred Dresselhaus  · 2016: Dave Forney  · 2017: Kees Schouhamer Immink  · 2018: Bradford Parkinson  · 2019: Kurt Petersen  · 2020: Chenming Hu  · 2021: Jacob Ziv

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